A brief study on various time domain viscoelasticity model

A viscoelastic material stores energy and dissipates it in the thermal domain when subjected to dynamic loading and most interestingly the storage and loss of energy depend upon the frequency of excitation. To find a time domain model to represent the behaviour viscoelastic solids found interest of many researchers. Bagley and Torvik (1983, 1985) represented frequency dependent behaviour of viscoelastic solids by using four-model parameters and differential operators of fractional order. The time-domain model with ordinary integer differential operators was developed by Golla and Hughes (1985), who incorporated the hereditary integral form of the viscoelastic constitutive law in a finite element model. The finite-element equations are derived in the Laplace domain through the Ritz technique. McTavish and Hughes (1992, 1993) extended the Golla-Hughes model and formulated the GHM (Golla-Hughes-McTavish) model for linear viscoelastic structure

Pattern of Agricultural Diversification in India

Agricultural diversification as measured by increase in the percent of non-food crops has grown; whereas diversification as measured by the concentration indices has remained unchanged in the recent decade. There have been significant changes in the pattern of agricultural diversification at the regional level. Within a region, smaller sub-regions or pockets of specialization in certain crops and crop-groups have emerged. Farms do not remain diversified and the usual notion of crop diversification as a risk management practice is also belied in the present study. The study also found certain kind of structural changes in all sub-sectors of agriculture : crop, livestock, and fisheries. Concerns over extreme effects of such changes are however, not valid.agricultural diversification, Agriculture Analysis, India, non-food crops, crop, livestock, and fisheries

Preparation of Ceramic Porous Body Using Different Volume Concentration of Ball Clay & Wheat Flour

The rheological study of the slurry containing ball clay and using different deflocculant (Sodium Silicate) concentration has been done. Slurry with different solid loading are prepared by taking ball clay and water in different proportions with solid loading 30%, 35% and 40% (by volume). Deflocculant with different concentrations are mixed with different slurries (with different solid loading). Deflocuculant with 5 different proportions was taken. Defloculant with 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1 % and 1.25% (weight %) of the clay were taken and poured in a plastic bottle with alumina balls for wet milling for 12hrs. Rheology of the slurry was then studied by measuring the viscosity, sedimentation height and zeta potential of the slurry. Further with this optimized solid loading (30 Vol% Solid Loading) and the amount of deflocculant (0.85 wt. % of Ball clay), ceramic porous body was prepared with this fixed solid loading, but varying the ratio of ball clay and wheat flour. In this fixed solid loading, the wheat flour and ball clay was varied in the ratio 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 by volume.The different slurry was prepared with varying ratio of wheat flour and ball clay as mentioned above. In this slurry, the amount of deflocculant was fixed 0.85% (wt %) of the total ball clay taken. These slurries were mixed through pot milling for 12 hours. Then the slurry was casted in a metal mold and kept at drier for 24 hours to get a cylindrical shaped body which was later fired at a different temperature. Different samples were fired at different temperatures to get the final ceramic porous body. Samples were fried at 11000C, 12000C and 13000C. Then characterization of the prepared ceramic porous body was done by determining Drying Shrinkage, Firing shrinkage, Apparent Porosity, Bulk Density and Cold Crushing strengt

Planar Hall effect in the Weyl semimetal GdPtBi

Observation of Weyl and Dirac Fermions in condensed matter systems is one of the most important discoveries. Among the very few available tools to characterize Weyl semimetals through electrical transport, negative magnetoresistance is most commonly used. Considering shortcomings of this method, new tools to characterize chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals are desirable. We employ planar Hall effect as an effective technique in half Heusler Weyl semimetal GdPtBi to study chiral anomaly. This compound exhibits a large value of 1.5 mohm cm planar Hall resistivity at 2 K and in 9 T. Our analysis reveals that the observed amplitude is dominated by Berry curvature and chiral anomaly contributions. Through the angle dependent transport studies we establish that GdPtBi with relatively small orbital magnetoresistance is an ideal candidate to observe large planar Hall effect .Comment: Updated text

IMPACT OF CONCEIVE’S DAY OF A MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON CONGENITAL BIRTH DEFECT

The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the system, specifically the uterus and ovaries that makes pregnancy possible. The menstrual cycle consists of the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. The median duration of a menstrual cycle is 28 days with most cycle lengths between 25 to 30 days. Ovulation takes place in med of cycle and Fertilization occurs after ovulation in fallopian tube. A sperm alive 4 days after discharged in female reproductive tract and ova survive 2 day after ovulation. So fertilization occurs almost at days 11th to 18th, rest days are called safe period. A disrupted cycle around the time of travelling is usually significant in relation to overall menstrual health. Climatic variations affects on woman menstrual cycles. In nearly 50% of cases the exact cause of congenital anomaly could not be identified, although there are some known risk factors which can be linked with the causation of malformation. Congenital anomalies can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multi-factorial inheritance and environmental factors. In a disrupted menstrual cycle, the day of ovulation varies and delay ovulation may be lead to congenital birth defect

Analysis of the results of surgical management of traumatic paraplegia

Background: Thoracolumbar spine fractures are common injuries that can result in significant disability, deformity and neurological deficit. Aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical management of traumatic paraplegia, complete or incomplete as classified by Frankel scoring.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients attending outdoor and emergency department of orthopaedics of a tertiary care teaching institute in Katihar Medical College, Katihar (Bihar) with traumatic paraplegia involving the dorsolumbar spine. The duration of the study was July 2014 to July 2016. The important objectives are the time for recovery of various functions like sensory, motor and bowel and bladder function, comparison between early and late decompression, results of posterolateral fusion and time taken for solid bony fusion after operation. Cases selected for these studies were those treated surgically between July 2014 to July 2016. Total 46 cases were selected within a minimum of 6 month post-operative follow up of which 4 cases lost in follow up. Data collected from patients records including age, sex, time from injury to hospitalization, initial neurological status as per Frankel score, MRI findings, surgery performed, postoperative course and neurological status at the time of discharge and latest follow up. Patients lost to follow up were not studied for outcome analysis.Results: When decompression done within 1st week in incomplete paraplegia 80% of the patients showed return of grade 3 power. In complete paraplegia cases, 11% of the patients had return to power upto grade 3 when decompression done within 1 week where no cases return of grade 3 power when decompression done after2nd and 3rd week. Conclusions: After recovery from spinal shock, the earlier the surgical decompression done, the better the neurological and bowel/bladder function recovery both in complete and incomplete paraplegic cases. Reduction is better and easy and less time consuming in early decompression than in late. Motor recovery can continue for over 6 month after decompression.

Automatic Detection of Fake Profiles in Online Social Networks

In the present generation, the social life of everyone has become associated with the online social networks. These sites have made a drastic change in the way we pursue our social life. Making friends and keeping in contact with them and their updates has become easier. But with their rapid growth, many problems like fake profiles, online impersonation have also grown. There are no feasible solution exist to control these problems. In this project, we came up with a framework with which automatic detection of fake profiles is possible and is efficient. This framework uses classification techniques like Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes and Decision trees to classify the profiles into fake or genuine classes. As, this is an automatic detection method, it can be applied easily by online social networks which has millions of profile whose profiles can not be examined manually