Racially motivated offending and targeted interventions

This research aimed to identify the prevalence of racially motivated offending among young people in England and Wales and to shed light on the response to racially motivated offending within the youth justice system

Bitangents to plane quartics via tropical geometry: rationality, A1\mathbb{A}^1-enumeration, and real signed count

We explore extensions of tropical methods to arithmetic enumerative problems such as $\mathbb{A}^1$-enumeration with values in the Grothendieck-Witt ring, and rationality over Henselian valued fields, using bitangents to plane quartics as a test case. We consider quartic curves over valued fields whose tropicalizations are smooth and satisfy a mild genericity condition. We then express obstructions to rationality of bitangents and their points of tangency in terms of twisting of edges of the tropicalization; the latter depends only on the tropicalization and the initial coefficients of the defining equation modulo squares. We also show that the GW-multiplicity of a tropical bitangent, i.e., the multiplicity with which its lifts contribute to the $\mathbb{A}^1$-enumeration of bitangents as defined by Larson and Vogt, can be computed from the tropicalization of the quartic together with the initial coefficients of the defining equation. As an application, we show that the four lifts of most tropical bitangent classes contribute $2\mathbb{H}$, twice the class of the hyperbolic plane, to the $\mathbb{A}^1$-enumeration. These results rely on a degeneration theorem relating the Grothendieck-Witt ring of a Henselian valued field to the Grothendieck-Witt ring of its residue field, in residue characteristic not equal to two.Comment: v2: 46 pages + Appendix. Minor revisions, improved exposition. Final version to appear in Res. Math. Sc

Avoidance loci and tropicalizations of real bitangents to plane quartics

We compare two partitions of real bitangents to smooth plane quartics into sets of 4: one coming from the closures of connected components of the avoidance locus and another coming from tropical geometry. When both are defined, we use the Tarski principle for real closed fields in combination with the topology of real plane quartics and the tropical geometry of bitangents and theta characteristics to show that they coincide.Comment: 4 page

Asian American Happiness: A Preliminary Analysis

Happiness has been a long celebrated and pursued goal throughout the history of man. As the field of cross-cultural psychology looks to expand research boundaries, Asian Americans experience a unique blend of multiple cultures, and as a result, also hold a unique perception of happiness and subjective well-being. To understand their experience, we assessed relevant studies of life satisfaction in Asian American groups to uncover their population’s true mean level of happiness. We also looked to systematize and collate the various theories impacting Asian American happiness, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of subjective well-being and happiness overall

Optimal asymmetry and other motion parameters that characterise high-quality female dance

Dance is a universal human behaviour that is observed particularly in courtship contexts, and that provides information that could be useful to potential partners. Here, we use a data-driven approach to pinpoint the movements that discriminate female dance quality. Using 3D motion-capture we recorded women whilst they danced to a basic rhythm. Video clips of 39 resultant avatars were rated for dance quality, and those ratings were compared to quantitative measurements of the movement patterns using multi-level models. Three types of movement contributed independently to high-quality female dance: greater hip swing, more asymmetric movements of the thighs, and intermediate levels of asymmetric movements of the arms. Hip swing is a trait that identifies female movement, and the ability to move limbs asymmetrically (i.e. independently of the other) may attest to well-developed motor control, so long as this limb independence does not verge into uncontrolled pathological movement. We also found that the same level of dance quality could be predicted by different combinations of dance features. Our work opens avenues to exploring the functional significance, informational content, and temporal sequencing of the different types of movement in dance

Aberdeen breeds comparison

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Opportunities for refinement in neuroscience: Indicators of wellness and post-operative pain in laboratory macaques

Being able to assess pain in nonhuman primates undergoing biomedical procedures is important for preventing and alleviating pain, and for developing better guidelines to minimise the impacts of research on welfare in line with the 3Rs principle of Refinement. Nonhuman primates are routinely used biomedical models however it remains challenging to recognise negative states, including pain, in these animals. This study aimed to identify behavioural and facial changes that could be used as pain or general wellness indicators in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Thirty-six macaques scheduled for planned neuroscience procedures were opportunistically monitored at four times: Pre-Operative (PreOp), Post-Operative (PostOp) once the effects of anaesthesia had dissipated, Pre-Analgesia (PreAn) on the subsequent morning prior to repeating routine analgesic treatment, and Post-Analgesia (PostAn) following administration of analgesia. Pain states were expected to be absent in PreOp, moderate in PreAn, and mild or absent in PostOp and PostAn when analgesia had been administered. Three potential pain indicators were identified: lip tightening and chewing, which were most likely to occur in PreAn, and running which was least likely in PreAn. Arboreal behaviour indicated general wellness, while half-closed eyes, leaning of the head or body shaking indicated the opposite. Despite considerable individual variation, behaviour and facial expressions could offer important indicators of pain and wellness and should be routinely quantified, and appropriate interventions applied to prevent or alleviate pain, and promote positive welfare