Inhibition of migration and invasion by IGF-1 receptor inhibitor Linsitinib and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002.

<p>A. Effect of Linsitinib on the viability of ES-2 cells. The cells were incubated with Linsitinib for 24 h, and viability was assessed by MTT. B. Effect of LY294002 on the viability of ES-2 cells. The cells were incubated with LY294002 for 24 h, and viability was assessed by MTT. C. Inhibition of cellular migration. Migration was measured by wound healing assay. The cells were incubated for 24 h. *, P<0.05. **, P<0.01 (n = 3). D. Inhibition of cellular invasion. Invasion was measured by Matrigel chamber assay. The cells were incubated for 24 h. *, P<0.05. **, P<0.01 (n = 5).</p

Inhibition of migration and IGF-1 expression by migracin A in JHOC-5 cells.

<p>A. Effect on viability. The cells were incubated with migracin A for 24 h. B. Inhibition of migration in JHOC-5 cells. The cells were incubated for 24 h. *, P<0.05. **, P<0.01. ***, P<0.001 (n = 3). C. Increase of vasohibin-1. The cells were incubated with 1 μg/ml of migracin A, and each mRNA was measured by PCR. D. Inhibition of IGF-1 mRNA expression. The cells were incubated with indicated concentration of migracin A for 24 h, and the mRNA was measured by PCR.</p

Relation between vasohibin-1 and IGF-1 expressions.

<p>A. Effect of IGF-1 knockdown on vasohibin-1 expression. B. Decrease of IGF-1 expression by the overexpression of vasohibin-1. C. Possible mechanism for inhibition of migration and invasion by migracin A.</p

Involvement of vasohibin-1 in the inhibition of migration by migracin A.

<p>A. Effect of migracin A on vasohibin mRNA expressions in ES-2 cells. The cells were incubated with 1 μg/ml of migracin A, and each mRNA was measured by PCR. B. Over expression of V5-tagged vasohibin-1 in ES-2 cells. C. Inhibition of cellular migration by overexpression of vasohibin-1. D. Effect of vasohibin-1 overexpression on cellular invasion. *, P<0.01 (n = 3–6).</p

Inhibition of cellular migration and invasion by migracin A.

<p>A. Structures of migracin A and B. B. Effect of migracin A on the viability of ES-2 cells. The cells were incubated with migracin A for 24 h, and viability was assessed by MTT. C. Inhibition of cellular migration. Migration was measured by wound healing assay. The cells were incubated for 24 h. D. Inhibition of cellular invasion. Invasion was measured by Matrigel chamber assay. The cells were incubated for 24 h. *, P<0.05. **, P<0.01 (n = 3).</p

Effect of migracin A on soft agar colony formation of ES-2 cells.

<p>The cells were incubated for 6 days with each chemical. *, P<0.001.</p

Inhibition of capillary tube formation by migracin A.

<p>A. Effect of migracin A on viability of HUVEC. The cells were incubated for 24 h, and viability was assessed by MTT. B. Inhibition of VEGF-induced tube formation by migracin A in HUVEC. The cells were incubated for 4 h. *, P<0.05. **, P<0.01 (n = 4).</p

Involvement of IGF-1 in the inhibition of migration and invasion by migracin A.

<p>A. Inhibition of IGF-1 mRNA expression in ES-2 cells. The cells were incubated with indicated concentration of migracin A for 24 h, and the mRNA was measured by PCR. B. Knockdown of IGF-1 by siRNA in ES-2 cells. C. Inhibition of cellular migration by knockdown of IGF-1. D. Inhibition of cellular invasion by knockdown of IGF-1.</p

Survey of Attitudes toward Uterus Transplantation among Japanese Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Uterus transplantation (UTx) is a potential option for women with uterine factor infertility to have a child, but there has been no large-scale survey of the views on UTx in women of reproductive age in Japan. The present study was aimed to clarify the views of Japanese women of reproductive age on UTx for uterine factor infertility.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A questionnaire on UTx was conducted by an Internet research company in December 2014 as a cross-sectional study in 3,892 randomly chosen women aged 25 to 39 years old. Responses were analyzed from 3,098 subjects (mean age 32.1±4.2 years old), after exclusion of inappropriate respondents in screening.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the respondents, 62.1%, 34.7% and 18.1% favored adoption, UTx and gestational surrogacy, respectively. In contrast, 7.0%, 21.9% and 63.3% opposed adoption, UTx and gestational surrogacy, respectively. In choices of candidates for UTx based on highest priority, deceased persons (33.8%) and mothers (19.0%) were favored as donors, and women with congenital absence of the uterus (54.4%) and hysterectomy due to a malignant uterine tumor (20.0%) as recipients. Regarding societal acceptance of UTx, the answer rates were 15.7% for "UTx should be permitted", 77.6% for "UTx should be permitted with discussion", and 6.7% for "UTx should not be permitted, even with discussion". Regarding personal opinions on UTx, 44.2% were in favor, 47.5% had no opinion, and 8.3% were against.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our results suggest that many Japanese women of reproductive age feel that UTx is socially and individually acceptable, but that concerns requiring further discussion remain among these women. There was also a tendency for UTx to be viewed more favorably than gestational surrogacy.</p></div

Characteristics of respondents.

<p>Characteristics of respondents.</p