Expression of GRP78 protein in GFP-positive cells after transfection.

<p>(A) After 36 h of transfection, an average of 43% of cells was GFP-positive. (B) Quantification of western blots revealed that the GFP-positive cells expressed GRP78 protein prior to treatment with H₂O₂ compared with GFP-negative cells and untreated C6 cells (*P<0.05).</p

GRP78 expression in C6 cells following treatment with H₂O₂.

<p>(A) FACS analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of AP-positive cells following treatment with H₂O₂ when compared with untreated C6 cells (*P<0.05). Compared with untreated C6 cells, no significant differences were observed in GRP78 protein levels at any H₂O₂ concentration. (B) Western blot analysis of GRP78 in C6 cells treated with H₂O₂ for 6 h and 24h. There were no obvious changes in GRP78 expression levels.</p

Evaluation of GRP78 overexpressing cells following H₂O exposure.

<p>FACS analysis of GFP-negative and -positive cells labeling positive for Annexin V/PI following treatment with H₂O₂. The percentage of GFP-positive cells that were AP-positive significantly decreased when compared with GFP-negative cells following treatment with 1, 3 and 6 mM H₂O₂ (*P<0.05).</p

Experimental protocol.

<p>First, the subjects had a 30-s pre-rest. Then, the subjects were given an olfactory stimulus for 10 s, followed by a 30-s post-rest period and a 30-s period to complete a questionnaire on odor intensity and subjective assessments of hedonic and irritating odors. The 130-s cycles for each odorant were repeated six times consecutively.</p

Topographical maps of average z-scores for oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) levels between patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) (<i>n</i> = 10) and controls (<i>n</i> = 6).

<p>Abbreviations: D1, γ-undecalactone, and concentration level 1; D4, γ-undecalactone, and concentration level 4; E1, skatole, and concentration level 1; E4, skatole, and concentration level 4; and NO, non-odorant. Numbers in parentheses in column 1 indicate the order of the six repetitions (1–6).</p

Demographic characteristics of the study population.

<p>Demographic characteristics of the study population.</p

Expression of NQO1 in GFP-positive cells after transfection.

<p>Quantification of western blots revealed that GFP-positive cells expressed NQO1 protein prior to treatment with H₂O₂ when compared with GFP-negative cells and untreated C6 cells (*P<0.05).</p

The <i>t</i>-test results for all channels (1–52) comparing z-scores for oxygenated hemoglobin levels between patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and controls.

<p>The <i>t</i>-test results for all channels (1–52) comparing z-scores for oxygenated hemoglobin levels between patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and controls.</p

Time-course of average z-scores of all channels for oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) levels in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) (<i>n</i> = 10) and controls (<i>n</i> = 6) during pre-rest (baseline, 10–30 s), stimulation (30–40 s), and post-rest (recovery, 40–70 s).

<p><i>Y</i>- and <i>X</i>-axes present the z-scored oxyHb values and times, respectively. Signals reflecting the oxyHb concentration changes in arbitrary units were calculated (millimolar–millimeter). The signal data were adjusted using a fast Fourier transform filter smoothing technique (OriginPro 2016 software of OriginLab Corporation). The cutoff frequency was determined at 35 points. The MCS group is indicated as a black line, and the control group is indicated as a gray line. Abbreviations: D1, γ-undecalactone, and concentration level 1; D4, γ-undecalactone, and concentration level 4; E1, skatole, and concentration level 1; E4, skatole, and concentration level 4; and NO, non-odorant. Numbers in parentheses in column 1 indicate the order of the six repetitions (1–6).</p

Rating of odor intensity (A) as well as hedonic (B) and irritating odors (C) by patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) (<i>n</i> = 10) and controls (<i>n</i> = 6) after olfactory stimulation.

<p>Abbreviations: D1, γ-undecalactone and concentration level 1; D4, γ-undecalactone and concentration level 4; E1, skatole and concentration level 1; E4, skatole and concentration level 4; and NO, non-odorant. Numbers in parentheses in column 1 indicate the order of the six repetitions (1–6). Statistically significant differences between groups are indicated: *<i>p</i> < 0.05.</p