Steady-State Method to Measure the In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Thin Sheet Materials

A new generation of silicon pixel detectors is required to cope with the unprecedented luminosities at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) in 2025. The HL-LHC provides a high radiation, high interaction rate environment for the innermost detector region of the CMS detector. This can lead to an uncontrolled increase in temperature of the detector that can destroy the silicon pixels. Moreover, too high operating temperature can add noise to the data obtained from the detector and can slow the read out cheap down. Therefore, the Phase II upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment requires an improved heat removal scheme. This challenge can be solved by using carbon fiber as one of the materials for silicon detector support structure. This material has relatively high thermal conductivity and structural stability. To properly simulate the behavior of a support structure in the experiment environment, it is crucial to know the thermal conductivity of these materials. The thermal conductivity of carbon fiber is anisotropic, meaning that it is different for different directions through the material. Therefore, we measure the thermal conductivity along and perpendicular to the fibers. To measure the in-plane thermal conductivity of thin sheet carbon fiber, the steady-state method is employed. The validation of the apparatus is done with two materials of known conductivity. In-plane thermal conductivity measurements of several thin carbon fiber sheets are performed. Measurement results show the Carbon Fiber K13D2U thermal conductivity of 515 W/mK in the plane and along the fiber

Assessment of myofascial pain syndrome among married female healthcare workers: a cross sectional comparative study in a tertiary care centre

Background: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is common among females between ages 20-40 years. Psychosomatic and mechanical reasons are attributed as causative factors. Female health care workers (FHW) in hospitals with rapid patient turn over are vulnerable to develop MPS. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence of MPS in married FHW working in various departments of the hospital and its association with poor sleep and work stress. Methods: We selected married FHWs in 20-50 years age group and divided them into two groups, medical and paramedical (those involved directly and indirectly with patient care respectively). MPS was diagnosed after detailed personal interview and clinical examination. Sleep duration was divided into less than 5 hours and more than 5hours. Presence of work-related stress and other medical parameters were also recorded. Results: A total of 150 medical and 150 paramedical FHWs were included in the study. Overall prevalence of MPS among FHWs was 42%, of which, medical group was 32% and paramedical was 52%. The paramedical group showed significantly higher prevalence of MPS (p: 0.02). Sleep was less than 5 hours in 29.3% of medical FHW and 13.3% of paramedical. This difference didn’t show any association to MPS (p=0.8). 38% FHW perceived excessive work stress, 40% were paramedical and 36% were medical. This didn’t correlate with prevalence of MPS (p=0.2) among them. Conclusions: Paramedical FHW experienced more MPS than medical and it was more of mechanical type and not due to work stress or sleep deprivation

Observation of γγ → ττ in proton-proton collisions and limits on the anomalous electromagnetic moments of the τ lepton

The production of a pair of τ leptons via photon–photon fusion, γγ → ττ, is observed for the f irst time in proton–proton collisions, with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations. This observation is based on a data set recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Events with a pair of τ leptons produced via photon–photon fusion are selected by requiring them to be back-to-back in the azimuthal direction and to have a minimum number of charged hadrons associated with their production vertex. The τ leptons are reconstructed in their leptonic and hadronic decay modes. The measured fiducial cross section of γγ → ττ is σfid obs = 12.4+3.8 −3.1 fb. Constraints are set on the contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment (aτ) and electric dipole moments (dτ) of the τ lepton originating from potential effects of new physics on the γττ vertex: aτ = 0.0009+0.0032 −0.0031 and |dτ| < 2.9×10−17ecm (95% confidence level), consistent with the standard model

A rare and interesting case of Scarabiasis

Scarabiasis or Canthariasis or Beetle disease is an ectoparasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the beetles temporarily infest the digestive tract and rarely the urinary tract. Dung beetle belongs to Scarabiaediae family.  It is mostly seen in children aged between 2 to 5 years, who play outdoor for prolonged hours without undergarments. It is a temporary infestation in which early stages of development of beetle takes place in the anus and the adult beetle flies, out of the anus while defecation. A boy aged 3 years and four months presented to the pediatric OPD with complaints of peri umbilical abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, mucus in stool along with “black insects” in his stool. The clinical examination revealed that the pulse rate, blood pressure and temperature were normal. Per rectal examination and ultrasound of the abdomen was normal. Routine examination of stool and urine was also found to be normal. The beetle was identified by the medical entomologist as dung beetle belonging to family Scarabidae. This report implies that the boy had an infestation with the larvae of dung beetle in the gastro intestine. The family belonged to the high range area of Mundakayam. Agriculture is the main source of income for people and main plantation being Rubber. Natives breed cattle for their livelihood and agriculture. During contact with mud or while playing outdoors naked, he would have come into contact with the eggs or the beetle, which hatched into larvae and caused canthariasis.</jats:p

Coinfection of BK virus and cytomegalovirus in renal transplant recipients

Viral infections are common opportunistic infections in renal transplant recipients which can cause allograft dysfunction and are often a major cause of graft dysfunction in the South Asian region. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK viral infections are often seen in the early and late posttransplant periods, respectively. Coinfection of both these viruses is rare and hence early diagnosis is the key to prevent graft loss. We present the cases of two male renal transplant recipients with CMV and BKV coinfection with diverse outcomes