Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

Сутність і роль судового конституційного контролю: основні підходи до розуміння

Стаття присвячена дослідженню сутності та ролі судового конституційного контролю в сучасній державі. Особлива увага звертається на роль органів конституційної юрисдикції для гарантування верховенства права і прав людини.&#x0D; Зроблено висновок про те, що для здійснення конституційної юрисдикцію важливим є обмін ідей між національними конституційними судами з приводу розуміння конституції та прав людини.</jats:p

Methodology of legal phenomenon research: concept, structure, tools

This article is aimed at exploring the methodology of the legal phenomenon. Particular attention was paid to such aspects as clarifying the main approaches to understanding the methodology and how it relates to the research methodology; study of the scope and structure of the concept of methodology; outlining the main research methods.&#x0D; The author draws conclusions from the results of the study. First, the methodology for the study of legal phenomena needs to be updated based on a change in the legal paradigm associated with the understanding of law (relation to the state and its functions) and the formation of legal reality at the beginning of the 21st century both at national and international level. the legal aspect. Secondly, the current methodology of legal research continues to be in the co-ordinates of an important dilemma regarding the correlation of "purely" legal research methods and so-called "interdisciplinary" approaches. Third, the methodological tools (specific research methods) of legal science remain inexhaustible in content and, in particular, in the possible combinations of their application to achieve a cognitive result. The extension of their catalog is influenced by the development of jurisprudence and other sciences, their epistemological components, and the processes of globalization and internationalization of legal life.&#x0D; Concerning the optimal research methodology (as opposed to its methodology), it should be noted that in the course of legal research the algorithm of actions is as follows: 1) selection of the research coordination center; 2) literature review; 3) hypothesis formulation; 4) research design; 5) data collection; 6) data analysis; 7) interpretation of data; report. Of course, it should be borne in mind that law is not in a vacuum, it operates in a complex social context. It reflects and controls attitudes and behaviors. However, as these rules are also temporal and spatial, that is, they change with time and space, it is desirable that law can adapt and be dynamic to cope with change. Important is the social audit of law (law) in order to identify the distance between the legal ideal and social reality, as well as to find out the reasons that led them. After all, legal research is a systematic understanding of law in order to improve it and, given that law operates in society, in the process they influence one another.</jats:p

Захист прав людини в ключових рішеннях Конституційного Суду Угорщини (1990–2011 роки)

У статті аналізуються ключові рішення Конституційного Суду Угорщини у сфері прав людини, ухвалені ним у 1990–2011 рр., зокрема таких аспектів, як розуміння ним сутності прав людини, методики їх оцінки та захисту в процесі здійснення конституційного судочинства. Для досягнення такої мети увагу зосереджено на низці рішень Конституційного Суду Угорщини, в яких найбільш рельєфно проявляються його юридичні позиції у сфері прав людини.&#x0D; Зроблено висновки, зокрема, щодо того, що впродовж більше двох десятиліть Конституційний Суд Угорщини послідовно проводив правові позиції щодо розуміння природи прав людини, серед яких домінує ідея єдності людського життя та гідності людини як джерела для фундаментальних конституційних прав, які тлумачаться в контексті відповідних міжнародних договорів.</jats:p

RESEARCH USE OF HUMAN IN VITRO EMBRYOS: LEGAL BOUNDARIES

The aim: The purpose of this research is to study foreign experience in the field of legal regulation of the use of embryos in vitro to suggest ways to fill the gaps in current Ukrainian legislation and bring it into line with international law. Materials and methods: The subject of the research was the legal regulation of the in vitro embryo research use, which is completely outside of the current Ukrainian legislation. That is why the European models of its regulation were analyzed. The experience of Germany and Hungary in the field of in vitro embryo research use regulation was considered as an example and was compared with the current Ukrainian regulation. Conclusion: As the use of non-implanted embryos is outside the legal field, the anatomical materials of a dead embryo, whether implanted or not, can be removed both for scientific research within the statutory framework (subject to approval by the ethics committee) and with the therapeutic purpose (for cell transplantation), subject to the relevant proposed amendments to the legislation to comply with the requirements of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Art. 18). Instead, the creation and further use of embryos for any purpose other than reproductive is illegal and should be prohibited by law with the imposition of appropriate criminal penalties. The right to dispose of embryos for research purposes may be granted by the woman and the man for whom the embryo was created, subject to informed consent and personal data processing consent.</jats:p

Forms of implementation of legal policy in the field of civil law: Formas de aplicación de la política jurídica en el ámbito del derecho civil

One of the most pressing modern problems of international law is the study of the characteristics of the regulation of civil law, as well as the forms of application of legal policy in the field of civil law. The guidelines for the development of private law policy are not only related to the development of legislation and the improvement of civil law doctrine, but also to the reform of judicial approaches in the examination of civil law disputes. The aim of the study is to form a scientific understanding of legal policy in the field of civil law, taking into account its current state. The multiplicity of objectives is dictated by the search for legal tools that optimize the existing mechanism of regulation of civil law as a solid basis to guarantee the effective application and full protection of the subjective rights and legitimate interests of civil law. In carrying out the study of the subject, the traditional scientific methods of knowledge were applied in jurisprudence, whose basis is the method of materialist dialectics, which allows to provide a comprehensive analysis of the processes under study in their conditionality and historical interrelation.Uno de los problemas modernos más acuciantes del derecho internacional es el estudio de las características de la regulación del derecho civil, así como de las formas de aplicación de la política jurídica en el ámbito del derecho civil. Las orientaciones para el desarrollo de la política de derecho privado no sólo están relacionadas con el desarrollo de la legislación y la mejora de la doctrina del derecho civil, sino también, con la reforma de los enfoques judiciales en el examen de los litigios de derecho civil. El objetivo del estudio es formar una comprensión científica de la política jurídica en el ámbito del derecho civil, teniendo en cuenta su estado actual. La multiplicidad de objetivos viene dictada por la búsqueda de herramientas jurídicas que optimicen el mecanismo existente de regulación del derecho civil como base sólida para garantizar la aplicación efectiva y la plena protección de los derechos subjetivos e intereses legítimos del derecho civil. En la realización del estudio del tema se aplicaron los métodos científicos de conocimiento tradicionales en la jurisprudencia, cuya base es el método de la dialéctica materialista, que permite proporcionar un análisis integral de los procesos en estudio en su condicionalidad e interrelación histórica

THERMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS AND EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS

The aim: To elaborate the thermosemiotics of acute and chronic tonsillitis during exacerbation. Materials and methods: 48 patients with acute tonsillitis and 19 patients with chronic tonsillitis were examined during disease exacerbation. Thermographic examination was carried out by the medical thermometer TI-120. Statistical processing of data was carried out with computer program “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistica for Windows” v. 6.0, StatSoft Inc. (USA). Results: Symmetry, homogeneity and isotherm are normal thermographic features of the skin. Presence of hyperthermia in carotid triangle, on the palms were revealed in patients with acute tonsillitis. In chronic tonsillitis in the stage of exacerbation, a moderate overall «warming up» of the neck and projections of the submandibular lymph nodes was also observed. The average temperature indices of the knee joints were statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in healthy people °C (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Only in patients with acute tonsillitis clear strong positive correlation between the temperature of half of the submandibular area and warming in the center of the palm – r = 0.812 ... 0.859 (P&lt;0.01) and in the middle of the tenar on the corresponding side – r = 0.790 ... 0.827 (P&lt;0.01) was observed. Only in the case of chronic tonsillitis, in the stage of exacerbation, the temperature difference over the knees and the lower part of the femur is always greater than 0.5 ºC.</jats:p

THE HUMAN RIGHT TO STERILIZATION: MEDICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT

The aim: To consider the general principles of the human right to sterilization in terms of medicine and law. Materials and methods: Formal-logical methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the content of the concepts that make up the subject of research, to classify them, as well as to formulate intermediate and general conclusions. The systematic method allowed to study the role and significance of right to sterilization among other human rights and freedoms. Using the historical method, the doctrinal basis of the study was analyzed, and the main stages of the formation of category “right to sterilization” with human participation were identified. Conclusions: The issue of surgical sterilization should not be considered during contractions, as happened in this particular case, but before or after childbirth, because a woman in childbirth can not adequately perceive information and make such important decisions. If this decision is made after delivery, the doctor must make sure that the patient is psychologically healthy. In addition, the consent for surgical sterilization of the spouses must be signed together. Although this procedure follows from the human right to dispose of one’s own body, however, in the presence of marriage, referring to Part 2 of Art. 54 of the IC of Ukraine, which states that all important issues of the family should be resolved by the spouses together, on the basis of equality. If such a decision is made by the wife alone, she must be considered to have committed the wrongful conduct.</jats:p

Використання службових собак кінологічними підрозділами Національної поліції України для виявлення вибухових речовин в умовах воєнного стану. Victimization of service dogs by canine breeders of the National Police of Ukraine to identify vibukhovyh speech in the minds of the military camp

Використання службових собак кінологічними підрозділами Національної поліції України для виявлення вибухових речовин в умовах воєнного стану [Текст] : метод. рек. / [В. В. Юсупов, А. О. Антощук, Ю. П. Приходько та ін.]. – Київ : Нац. акад. внутр. справ, 2023. – 46 с.Розглянуто заходи безпеки під час поводження працівників поліції з вибуховими матеріалами та речовинами. Висвітлено загальні положення використання службових собак кінологічних підрозділів Національної поліції України для виконання оперативно-профілактичних і службово-бойових завдань в умовах воєнного стану. Проаналізовано нормативну основу службового собаківництва в межах завдань Національної поліції. Розроблено рекомендації щодо використання службових собак для виявлення вибухових матеріалів і речовин в умовах воєнного стану. Окреслено можливості одорологічних досліджень під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних з вибуховими матеріалами та речовинами. Для інспекторів-кінологів, експертів-одорологів, фахівців з ветеринарної медицини, слідчих, оперативних працівників, суддів, наукових і науково-педагогічних працівників юридичних закладів вищої освіти, здобувачів вищої освіти, усіх, хто цікавиться проблемами кінологічної підготовки службових собак. Safety measures during handling of explosive materials and substances by police officers were considered. The general provisions of the use of service dogs of the canine units of the National Police of Ukraine for the performance of operational-preventive and service-combat tasks in conditions of martial law are highlighted. The normative basis of service dog breeding within the scope of tasks of the National Police is analyzed. Recommendations have been developed for the use of service dogs for the detection of explosive materials and substances in martial law conditions. The possibilities of odorological research during the investigation of criminal offenses related to explosive materials and substances are outlined.For canine inspectors, odor experts, specialists in veterinary medicine, investigators, operatives, judges, scientific and scientific-pedagogical employees of legal institutions of higher education, students of higher education, all those who are interested in the problems of canine training of service dogs