Influence of packing density and surface roughness of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes on adhesive properties of gecko-inspired mimetics.

We have systematically studied the macroscopic adhesive properties of vertically aligned nanotube arrays with various packing density and roughness. Using a tensile setup in shear and normal adhesion, we find that there exists a maximum packing density for nanotube arrays to have adhesive properties. Too highly packed tubes do not offer intertube space for tube bending and side-wall contact to surfaces, thus exhibiting no adhesive properties. Likewise, we also show that the surface roughness of the arrays strongly influences the adhesion properties and the reusability of the tubes. Increasing the surface roughness of the array strengthens the adhesion in the normal direction, but weakens it in the shear direction. Altogether, these results allow progress toward mimicking the gecko's vertical mobility.The authors acknowledge funding from the EC project Technotubes.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/am507822b

Data Integration With Biased Summary Data via Generalized Entropy Balancing

Statistical methods for integrating individual-level data with external summary data have attracted attention because of their potential to reduce data collection costs. Summary data are often accessible through public sources and relatively easy to obtain, making them a practical resource for enhancing the precision of statistical estimation. Typically, these methods assume that internal and external data originate from the same underlying distribution. However, when this assumption is violated, incorporating external data introduces the risk of bias, primarily due to differences in background distributions between the current study and the external source. In practical applications, the primary interest often lies not in statistical quantities related specifically to the external data distribution itself, but in the individual-level internal data. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on generalized entropy balancing, designed to integrate external summary data even if derived from biased samples. Our method demonstrates double robustness, providing enhanced protection against model misspecification. Importantly, the applicability of our method can be assessed directly from the available data. We illustrate the versatility and effectiveness of the proposed estimator through an analysis of Nationwide Public-Access Defibrillation data in Japan.This preprint is from Morikawa, Kosuke, Sho Komukai, and Satoshi Hattori. "Data Integration With Biased Summary Data via Generalized Entropy Balancing." arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.11482 (2025). doi:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.1148

キンダイ チュウゴク ミンシュウ シュウキョウ ノ ショセキ ネットワーク コウ ジュウケイ ゴウシュウ カイ ゼンドウ ジゼン カイ カンポン モクロク

明清時期の中国では、儒教・仏教・道教三教混交の道徳を説く善書や布教パンフレットが数多く刊行された。とりわけ一九世紀以降扶乩という神降ろしで得た乩示に基づいて新たな善書が作成され、鸞堂や新興の民間宗教慈善団体を通じて広く出版されて中国各地に普及した。しかしながら、このような善書や布教パンフレットを出版する担い手の姿については、資料の制約から探ることは難しく、その出版活動の全体像はこれまでほとんど明らかにされてこなかった。本稿では、重慶北碚区図書館の所蔵する合川会善堂慈善会という善堂の出版物を分析し、四川東部の県城にある一つの善堂が行う出版活動の様相を跡づける。それにより、会善堂では鸞堂と同善社という二つの異なる宗教的系譜に基づいて書籍が収集され、教団支部間の情報共有が同善社の宗教ネットワークに基づく宗教パンフレットの出版と流通によって可能であったことを明らかにした

Intermediary Liability on the Internet in Japan, the US and the EU.

application/pdfThe liability of intermediaries on the Internet has been debated since the mid-1990s. There are conflicting views on what liability should be imposed on intermediaries, citing concerns about freedom of speech and the potential to hinder Internet development. As a result, the regimes on intermediary liability differ considerably between Japan, the US, and the EU. In the first place, the legal remedies that victims can seek regarding infringing information differ from country to country. This paper focuses on the differences between Japan, the US and the EU regarding legal remedies and intermediary liability for defamation and privacy invasion.departmental bulletin pape