Anxiety and depression symptoms in relation to lung function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in 9000 adults - The HUNT 2 (1995-97) population study

Background: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly prevalent in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, there are few large studies of the general population that have investigated the association of anxiety and depression with lung function. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms and lung function in a large adult population sample. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study we included 8,981 men and women from the Nord-Trøndelags Health Study, HUNT2 (1995-97), Norway. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were self-reported using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Lung function was defined by spirometric values and categorized by GOLD – classification. Results: Participants with moderate and severe COPD had significant higher crude odds ratio for pure depression and mixed symptoms, yet this was mainly explained by differences in age and gender between the groups. In gender-stratified analysis women had increased odds for symptoms of depression and mixed symptoms due to exacerbated lung function. In contrast, men with severe COPD reported higher rates of symptoms of pure anxiety. However, statistical evidence was borderline in the fully adjusted models. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate a high prevalence of mental distress in severe COPD. Gender specific relations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and lung function was found; worsened lung function was associated with pure depression and mixed symptoms in women, while severe COPD was associated with pure anxiety in men. .These patterns might have clinical relevance and should be further investigated

Anxiety and Depression as Risk Factors in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: The HUNT Study

Background: The roles of both anxiety and depression as risk factors for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have not been previously investigated together. Objective: To study anxiety and depression as independent risk factors for FTD and AD. Methods: Eighty-four patients with FTD and 556 patients with AD were compared with 117 cognitively healthy (CH), elderly individuals. Both cases and controls were participants in the second Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT2) from 1995 to 1997, in which depression and anxiety were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Significant associations were found between anxiety and FTD and between depression and AD. A significantly increased risk of developing FTD was observed in patients who had reported anxiety on the HADS (p = 0.017) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.947, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.209–7.158) and a significantly increased risk of developing AD was observed in patients who had reported depression on the HADS (p = 0.016) (OR: 4.389, 95% CI: 1.311–14.690). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that anxiety and depression may play different roles as risk factors for FTD and AD

Anxiety and depression symptoms in relation to lung function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in 9000 adults - The HUNT 2 (1995-97) population study

Background: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly prevalent in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, there are few large studies of the general population that have investigated the association of anxiety and depression with lung function. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms and lung function in a large adult population sample. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study we included 8,981 men and women from the Nord-Trøndelags Health Study, HUNT2 (1995-97), Norway. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were self-reported using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Lung function was defined by spirometric values and categorized by GOLD – classification. Results: Participants with moderate and severe COPD had significant higher crude odds ratio for pure depression and mixed symptoms, yet this was mainly explained by differences in age and gender between the groups. In gender-stratified analysis women had increased odds for symptoms of depression and mixed symptoms due to exacerbated lung function. In contrast, men with severe COPD reported higher rates of symptoms of pure anxiety. However, statistical evidence was borderline in the fully adjusted models. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate a high prevalence of mental distress in severe COPD. Gender specific relations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and lung function was found; worsened lung function was associated with pure depression and mixed symptoms in women, while severe COPD was associated with pure anxiety in men. .These patterns might have clinical relevance and should be further investigated

Smoking and Obesity as Risk Factors in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The HUNT Study

Background: Few studies have assessed smoking and obesity together as risk factors for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To study smoking and obesity as risk factors for FTD and AD. Methods: Ninety patients with FTD and 654 patients with AD were compared with 116 cognitively healthy elderly individuals in a longitudinal design with 15–31 years between measurements of risk factors before the dementia diagnosis. Results: There were no associations between smoking and FTD (p = 0.218; odds ratio [OR]: 0.990; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.975–1.006). There were significant associations between obesity and FTD (p = 0.049; OR: 2.629; 95% CI: 1.003–6.894). There were significant associations between both smoking (p = 0.014; OR: 0.987; 95% CI: 0.977–0.997) and obesity (p = 0.015; OR: 2.679; 95% CI: 1.211–5.928) and AD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that obesity is a shared risk factor for FTD and AD, while smoking plays various roles as a risk factor for FTD and AD

Smoking and obesity as risk factors in Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimers disease. The HUNT Study.

Background: Few studies have assessed smoking and obesity together as risk factors for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To study smoking and obesity as risk factors for FTD and AD. Methods: Ninety patients with FTD and 654 patients with AD were compared with 116 cognitively healthy elderly individuals in a longitudinal design with 15–31 years between measurements of risk factors before the dementia diagnosis. Results: There were no associations between smoking and FTD (p = 0.218; odds ratio [OR]: 0.990; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.975–1.006). There were significant associations between obesity and FTD (p = 0.049; OR: 2.629; 95% CI: 1.003–6.894). There were significant associations between both smoking (p = 0.014; OR: 0.987; 95% CI: 0.977–0.997) and obesity (p = 0.015; OR: 2.679; 95% CI: 1.211–5.928) and AD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that obesity is a shared risk factor for FTD and AD, while smoking plays various roles as a risk factor for FTD and AD.acceptedVersion© 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Interna- tional License (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribu - tion for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission