Spearman correlation coefficients of selected fasting serum NEFA species with parameters of body composition.

<p>All nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) species with a Spearman correlation coefficient ρ≥0.3 with any of the listed parameters of body composition are shown in the table. The post-GDM and the control group were combined for this analysis. n = 106 for BMI, WC and percent body fat measured by BIA. n = 62 for the MRI substudy.</p><p>*Correlation is significant with p<0.05.</p><p>**Correlation is significant with p<0.01.</p><p>***Correlation is significant with p<0.001.</p><p>Spearman correlation coefficients of selected fasting serum NEFA species with parameters of body composition.</p

Plasma concentrations of selected biomarkers.

<p>The values are represented as the medians with interquartile ranges.</p><p>Plasma concentrations of selected biomarkers.</p

Fasting serum NEFA profiles and total NEFA concentrations.

<p>Percentage concentrations (mol%) and absolute concentrations of NEFA are given as medians with interquartile ranges. n = 62 for the cases and n = 49 for the controls.</p><p>*Mann-Whitney U tests.</p><p>**Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for BMI and HbA1c when p<0.05 from Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p>#Significant after Bonferroni correction.</p><p>Fasting serum NEFA profiles and total NEFA concentrations.</p

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study cohort.

<p>The values are represented as the medians with interquartile ranges. If not stated otherwise n = 62 for the cases and n = 49 for the controls.</p><p>^*Chi-Square test.</p><p>^#(n = cases/controls).</p><p>^aabdominal.</p><p>^bAdipocyte-IR Index = fasting total NEFA_LC-MS/MS (μM) * fasting insulin (μU/ml).</p><p>Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study cohort.</p

Altered NEFA pathways in cases compared to controls.

<p>At an exploratory level of significance (p<0.05), the women after GDM exhibited reduced levels of 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 26:0 and total SFA and elevated levels of 18:1, the essential fatty acid 18:2, total n-6 NEFA and the proportion of total n-6/n-3 NEFA. Calculated SCD-1 activity was significantly increased in the post-GDM group. Only total SFA remained significantly different after Bonferroni correction. The red arrows in the diagram represent upregulation, and the blue arrows represent downregulation in the post-GDM group.</p