sj-pdf-1-vmj-10.1177_1358863X231225463 – Supplemental material for Risk factors for recurrent ischemic events in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis on CT angiography

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vmj-10.1177_1358863X231225463 for Risk factors for recurrent ischemic events in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis on CT angiography by Takeyoshi Tsutsui, Kiyofumi Yamada, Taichi Ikedo, Yoshiaki Morita, Eika Hamano, Hirotoshi Imamura, Hisae Mori, Koji Iihara and Hiroharu Kataoka in Vascular Medicine</p

The simultaneous visualization of MRA and IPH/Thrombosis using the SNAP sequence.

<p>On the left are reformatted SNAP MRA, IPH/T and joint MIP view to facilitate image review. One the right is the original image at the cross-section of the MCA artery. Obvious contrast between IPH/Thrombosis (positive magnetization) and luminal (negative magnetization) signal can be found.</p

Definition of MCA segments for SVB comparison.

<p>The orange dots identify the bifurcations and the dotted lines delineate the different segments (M1-M4) of the MCA artery. Note that the oblique projection direction is used to better visualize the different segments.</p

Cross-tabulation of MCA smallest visible branch (SVB) review results by SNAP and TOF MRA.

<p>Rows show the number of arteries with the corresponding SVB by TOF and columns show the number of arteries with the corresponding SVB by SNAP. A dash indicates that no arteries had that pair of results. The diagonal shows the number of arteries with the same SVB on both SNAP and TOF (green), while the cells above (yellow) or below (red) the diagonal show the number of arteries where SNAP or TOF was better than the other, respectively. SNAP visualizes more distal branches than TOF in 11 arteries, less in 2 arteries and performs equally in the remaining 17 arteries.</p

Visual comparison between SNAP and TOF MRA on the same subjects.

<p>SNAP and TOF make same detection on stenotic lesions on both subjects (dotted circles). The small artery visualization on SNAP MRA is significantly improved (arrows).</p

Normal social approach behaviors in <i>Auts2</i>-deficient mice.

<p>(A) Sociability for contacting an unfamiliar mouse or empty chamber (middle graphs) and social novelty for a stranger mouse versus a familiar mouse (right graphs) of WT and <i>Auts2</i> mutant mice were measured by a three-chamber test. Graphs show the time spent in the each chamber. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (WT, n = 16, <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> = 13), t test.</p

Normal behaviors of Auts2-deficient mice on PPI.

<p>PPI (%) at four different prepulse intensities (69, 73, 77 and 81 dB) in PPI test (left graph) and acoustic startle response to two different pulses (middle and right graphs) as measured in trials without a prepulse. There were no significant differences between wild type and <i>Auts2</i> mutant mice in the characterization of PPI whereas <i>Auts2</i> mutant mice exhibited a higher acoustic startle response at 120 dB pulse compared to WT mice. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (WT, n = 17, <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> = 13). **p<0.0001; two-way ANOVA with repeated measures in PPI test and Mann-Whitney U-test in startle response.</p

Decrease of locomotor activity in <i>Auts2</i> mutant mice during habituation.

<p>(A) Spontaneous locomotor activity for habituation to the novel environment was measured every 5 min for 60 min. Auts2-deficient mice exhibited a decrease in exploratory behavior during the first 15 min. (B) Assessment of physical motor function and coordination of Auts2 mutant mice in a rotarod test. The latency of falling from an accelerating rotarod was measured for five consecutive days. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (A: WT, n = 17, <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> = 14 and B: WT, n = 10, <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> = 9). *p<0.05; two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.</p

Abnormality of anxiety-like behaviors in <i>Auts2</i> mutant mice.

<p>(A) In open field tests, the time spent in the center field (left graph) and total distant traveled (right graph) were measured for 5 min to analyze mobility and exploration behavior. The ratio of distance traveled in an inner area scores as the percentage of total distance traveled (middle graph). <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> mice spent significantly more time in the open environment than wild-type mice. (B) In elevated plus maze test, the duration of time spent in an arm (left graphs) and number of arm entries (right graphs) were measured for 5 min. The time (% Open arm time) and number of entries (% Open arm entry) in the open arms are presented by the percentage of total time (Total arm time) and number of total arm entries (Total arm entry), respectively. <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> mice spent increased time in the unprotected open arm entry compared with wild-type mice. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (WT, n = 17, <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> = 14). *p<0.05, **p<0.01; Mann-Whitney U-test.</p

Impairment of cognitive memory functions in Auts2 mutant mice.

<p>(A) Novel object recognition test. Graphs show the exploratory preference (left graph) and total exploration time (right graph) in training and retention sessions. The retention session was carried out 24 hrs after the training session. (B) Associative memory function was measured by the cued (Tone-dependent) and contextual (Context-dependent) fear-conditioning test 24hrs after the conditioning phase (Conditioning). Note that <i>Auts2</i>-deficient mice had defective auditory fear conditioning showing a decrease of freezing response while they displayed a higher response to lower nociceptive stimuli (foot shock) compared with the wild type mice (Nociceptive threshold). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (WT, n = 17, <i>Auts2</i>^<i>neo/+</i> = 14). *p<0.05, **p<0.01; Mann-Whitney U-test.</p