Hadron Correlations at Energies from GeV to TeV

One of the central issues in High Energy Physics is the close interchange between Theory and Experiment. Ever since I know Andrzej Bia{\l}as, I know him as one of the theorists most interested in experimental data. This has naturally led to continuous fruitful contacts. Even though we have been working somehow together since about 1968, we so far have only one single publication in common. This was back in 1969 and it was on means to efficiently study what we then called (exclusive) Multihadron Final States. At that time this meant 3- or at best 4-particle final states of two-hadron collisions at cms energies of some 4 GeV (not TeV!). The field of multiparticle dynamics was in fact the domain of Polish high-energy physicists. The first of a very successful (and still lasting) series of annual International Symposia on Multiparticle Dynamics was organized in Paris in 1970, but essentially by Polish physicists. Andrzej himself was not attending, but it was he who organized the third in these series in (of course) Zakopane. Since heavy ion-collisions, another field of major interest for Andrzej, will be covered by others, I here will restrict myself mainly to the collisions of two elementary particles.Comment: 32 pages, 26 figure

Cryogenics for LDR

Three cryogenic questions of importance to Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) are discussed: the primary cooling requirement, the secondary cooling requirement, and the instrument changeout requirement

He-3 cooling systems for space

The development of a space-compatible He(3) refrigerator would provide a significant improvement in several areas of research in the 0.3 to 1 K temperature range. There are several methods of achieving these temperatures on Earth: He(3) refrigeration, dilution refrigeration, and adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration. The progress of adapting He(3) refrigeration for use in space is described. Various cycles and possible embodiments of He(3) refrigerators are described. Also included is an analysis of the liquid confinement and liquid-vapor phase-separation system. A possible configuration is then analyzed. Finally, the results of ground-based experiments will be discussed

EMU, EU enlargement, and the European Social Model: Trends, challenges, and questions

The paper discusses the possible implications of the challenges facing the 'European Social Model' (ESM) caused by the European Monetary Union (EMU) and the enlargement of the EU to include central and eastern European countries. The strains produced by the two challenges on the European welfare states and industrial relation systems are regarded as considerable, adding to the wide variety of country-specific solutions and leading to increased inequality both across and within member countries. However, there are no signs indicating that the two challenges lead to the abolition of welfare standards, despite the need for 'recalibration,' or that labor market institutions are being dismantled. On the contrary, the need to search for viable alternatives to the status quo appears to strengthen attempts to improve the long-term sustainability of welfare states and to improve the performance of established labor market institutions. Moreover, the challenges foster new European policy approaches like the 'open coordination' mechanism. -- Der Aufsatz diskutiert mögliche Folgewirkungen der gleichzeitigen Herausforderung des 'Europäischen Sozialmodells' durch die Europäische Währungsunion und die Erweiterung der EU um mittel- und osteuropäische Länder. Die Belastungen, denen die europäischen Sozial- und Lohnverhandlungssysteme durch diese Herausforderungen ausgesetzt werden, sind beachtlich und verstärken sowohl die derzeitige große Varianz länderspezifischer Problemlösungen als auch die zwischen- und innerstaatliche Ungleichheit. Allerdings gibt es keine Anzeichen, daß die Herausforderungen zur Abschaffung wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Standards oder zur Demontage von Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen führen. Im Gegenteil scheint die Notwendigkeit der Suche nach tragfähigen Alternativen zum Status Quo Versuchen zur Verbesserung der langfristigen Nachhaltigkeit der Wohlfahrtsstaaten und der Leistungsfähigkeit etablierter Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen Nachdruck zu verleihen. Darüber hinaus fördern die Herausforderungen neue europäische Politikansätze wie den Mechanismus der 'offenen Koordinierung'.

Microencapsulation technology by nature: Cell derived extracellular vesicles with therapeutic potential

Cell derived extracellular vesicles are submicron structures surrounded by phospholipid bilayer and released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The sizes of these vesicles roughly fall into the size ranges of microbes, and they represent efficient delivery platforms targeting complex molecular information to professional antigen presenting cells. Critical roles of these naturally formulated units of information have been described in many physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular vesicles are not only potential biomarkers and possible pathogenic factors in numerous diseases, but they are also considered as emerging therapeutic targets and therapeutic vehicles. Strikingly, current drug delivery systems, designed to convey therapeutic proteins and peptides (such as liposomes), show many similarities to extracellular vesicles. Here we review some aspects of therapeutic implementation of natural, cell-derived extracellular vesicles in human diseases. Exploration of molecular and functional details of extracellular vesicle release and action may provide important lessons for the design of future drug delivery systems

Losses in fountain-effect pumps

Three loss mechanisms in fountain-effect pumps are identified and analyzed. Two of these mechanisms reduce the mechano-caloric effect, by reducing the mass transferred per unit heat input. The first loss mechanism of these losses is the result of normal fluid leakage through the pump. The second loss mechanism is the result of the finite separation between the porous plug and the heater. The third loss mechanism reduces the thermomechanical effect. It results from the Gorter-Mellink interaction within the porous plug. All three of these loss mechanisms are shown to reduce pump efficiency. They are then applied to an example to illustrate the relative significance of the three mechanisms