158 research outputs found
Cold atom dynamics in a quantum optical lattice potential
We study a generalized cold atom Bose Hubbard model, where the periodic
optical potential is formed by a cavity field with quantum properties. On the
one hand the common coupling of all atoms to the same mode introduces cavity
mediated long range atom-atom interactions and on the other hand atomic
backaction on the field introduces atom-field entanglement. This modifies the
properties of the associated quantum phase transitions and allows for new
correlated atom-field states including superposition of different atomic
quantum phases. After deriving an approximative Hamiltonian including the new
long range interaction terms we exhibit central physical phenomena at generic
configurations of few atoms in few wells. We find strong modifications of
population fluctuations and next-nearest neighbor correlations near the phase
transition point.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, corrected typo
Model-independent WIMP Characterisation using ISR
The prospects of measuring the parameters of WIMP dark matter in a model
independent way at the International Linear Collider are investigated. The
signal under study is direct WIMP pair production with associated initial state
radiation. The analysis is performed in full simulation of the ILD detector
concept. With an integrated luminosity of L = 500 fb-1 and realistic beam
polarizations the helicity structure of the WIMP couplings to electrons can be
determined, and the masses and cross sections can be measured to the percent
level. The systematic uncertainties are dominated by the polarization
measurement and the luminosity spectrum.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders
LCWS1
Measurement of radiative neutralino production
We perform the first experimental study with full detector simulation for the
radiative production of neutralinos at the linear collider, at sqrt{s} = 500
GeV and realistic beam polarizations. We consider all relevant backgrounds,
like the Standard Model background from radiative neutrino production. The
longitudinal polarized beams enhance the signal and simultaneously reduce the
background, such that statistical errors are significantly reduced. We find
that the photon spectrum from the signal process can be well isolated. The
neutralino mass and the cross section can be measured at a few per-cent level,
with the largest systematic uncertainties from the measurement of the beam
polarization and the beam energy spectrum.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 2011
International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS11), Sept. 26-30,
Granada, Spai
Present and future sensitivity of the Antarctic surface mass balance to oceanic and atmospheric forcings: insights with the regional climate model MAR
Recent Global Warming has caused widespread ice losses from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) leading to an increase in mean sea level. By influencing the ice dynamics and the mass of water that accumulates on the continent, the surface mass balance (SMB, i.e, the difference between snow accumulation and ablation at the surface of the ice sheet) contributes to sea-level variations. A better knowledge of how present and future SMB will change is therefore needed to refine sea-level-rise estimates.
With the aim of identifying the driving processes from different components of the climate system (from the surface of the ocean to high-elevation clouds), we reconstruct and project the Antarctic SMB using the regional climate model MAR developed at ULiĂšge, over 1980--2100. The results of MAR have been first compared to diverse observations to evaluate its performance. We gathered observations of several types (near-surface climate and snow accumulation) to guarantee the robustness of our results and conclusions based on our climate modeling. A first objective of this thesis was to determine to what extent the recent changes at the ocean surface can exert a direct feedback on the atmosphere and SMB. Our simulations with perturbed sea-ice concentration and sea-surface temperature around Antarctica reveal that strong and persistent katabatic winds prevent most atmospheric changes induced by the ocean to penetrate inland. This suggests a limited influence of the ocean surface on the Antarctic SMB. We focused afterwards on the sensitivity of the SMB to atmospheric warmings projected by global models using high-emission scenarios (RCP8.5 and ssp585). Higher temperatures are projected to increase SMB on the grounded ice as a result of stronger snowfall while the future SMB over the ice shelves should be dominated by higher meltwater-runoff values (compromising the stability of ice shelves) and is consequently projected to decrease. Leaving aside the role of the ocean on the thinning of ice shelves, increasing surface melt should however remain weak under the Paris Agreement limiting potential ice-shelf collapses and accelerated Antarctic ice losses. However, our results suggest a large spread in melt increase over the ice shelves during the 21st century resulting in large uncertainties in their potential disappearance. Given the important role of ice shelves in limiting the acceleration of Antarctic ice losses (as they restrain the grounded ice to flow into the ocean), the third subject of this thesis has been devoted to the physical drivers explaining differences in increased summer melt over the Antarctic ice shelves. Although the melt increase results from higher greenhouse-gas concentrations, differences in projected melt increases arises from liquid-containing clouds. These clouds re-emits more longwave energy towards the surface, increasing melt over the ice shelves and later favouring absorption of solar energy again strengthening melt.
In conclusion, we investigate the sensitivity of the Antarctic SMB to different components of the
climate system over 1981--2100. Uncertainties linked with the grounded Antarctic SMB essentially
depend on the projected increased rates in snowfall associated with higher temperatures while uncertainties in the ice-shelf SMB decrease are related to cloud properties with more liquid-containing clouds leading to a stronger decrease of the ice-shelf SMB
High resolution Surface Mass Balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet with the MAR model and an online downscaling method
Durant les vingt derniĂšres annĂ©es, lâinlandsis du Groenland a progressivement diminuĂ© en taille suite Ă une augmentation du ruissellement de lâeau de fonte en Ă©tĂ© sans compensation par une augmentation des prĂ©cipitations. De plus, le taux de perte de la glace sâest aussi accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©, ce qui a comme consĂ©quence une Ă©lĂ©vation plus rapide du niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral des mers et davantage dâeau douce rejetĂ©e dans lâocĂ©an. Les principales incertitudes lorsquâon estime le bilan de mase en surface (BMS) de lâinlandsis du Groenland proviennent des marges oĂč plusieurs processus particuliers ont lieu. Par exemple, la rĂ©troaction de lâalbĂ©do de la neige et le regel de lâeau fondue en surface peut renforcer ou au contraire diminuer la fonte. De plus, les fortes pentes en bordure dâinlandsis sont responsables de la distribution spatiale des prĂ©cipitations qui correspondent Ă lâaccumulation de masse de lâinlandsis. En modĂ©lisation, cela signifie quâil est nĂ©cessaire dâutiliser des modĂšles avec une (trĂšs) haute rĂ©solution pour rĂ©soudre ces caractĂ©ristiques, ce qui est trĂšs couteux en temps de calcul. Câest pourquoi cette Ă©tude prĂ©sente lâĂ©valuation dâune nouvelle mĂ©thode de rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e dans le modĂšle MAR qui permet dâutiliser une grille Ă haute rĂ©solution dans le module de surface (SISVAT) couplĂ© au module atmosphĂ©rique de MAR utilisant une rĂ©solution deux fois plus basse. La mĂ©thode corrige lâhumiditĂ© spĂ©cifique et la tempĂ©rature de proche-surface de MAR Ă lâaide dâun gradient dâaltitude avant de forcer le module de surface. Des simulations ont Ă©tĂ© lancĂ©es avec deux rĂ©solutions diffĂ©rentes et sont forcĂ©es avec les rĂ©analyses ERA-Interim sur la pĂ©riode allant de 1979 Ă 2014. La rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e est Ă©valuĂ©e par rapport Ă la base de donnĂ©es PROMICE et montrent de meilleurs rĂ©sultats avec les observations de BMS sur lâinlandsis par rapport aux rĂ©sultats de MAR dans sa version standard. La comparaison de la rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e Ă une rĂ©gionalisation a posteriori a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© peu de diffĂ©rence significative sauf prĂšs de la ligne dâĂ©quilibre. Seule la mĂ©thode couplĂ©e permet de faire regeler entiĂšrement lâeau fondue et la pluie en surface tandis que ce processus nâest quâimplicitement pris en compte dans la mĂ©thode a posteriori. ComparĂ© Ă MAR dans sa version standard Ă rĂ©solution Ă©quivalente, les rĂ©sultats rĂ©gionalisĂ©s de façon couplĂ©e montrent une surestimation de lâaccumulation au centre de lâinlandsis et une surestimation de lâablation aux marges dus aux biais que la mĂ©thode implique sur les prĂ©cipitations renforçant la rĂ©troaction de lâalbĂ©do de la neige. En outre, les gradients de tempĂ©rature sont lĂ©gĂšrement trop importants entraĂźnant plus de fonte. En conclusion, la mĂ©thode de rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e doit encore ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©e en intĂ©grant une correction des prĂ©cipitations. Pour ce qui est du couplage entre modĂšle de dynamique glaciaire Ă trĂšs haute rĂ©solution et modĂšle climatique Ă haute rĂ©solution, la mĂ©thode a posteriori reste suffisante
Flexible generation of correlated photon pairs in different frequency ranges
The feasibility to generate correlated photon pairs at variable frequencies
is investigated. For this purpose, we consider the interaction of an
off-resonant laser field with a two-level system possessing broken inversion
symmetry. We show that the system generates non-classical photon pairs
exhibiting strong intensity-intensity correlations. The intensity of the
applied laser tunes the degree of correlation while the detuning controls the
frequency of one of the photons which can be in the THz-domain. Furthermore, we
observe the violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality characterizing these
photons.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Sensitivity of arctic surface temperatures to sea ice thickness changes using the regional climate model mar
Since the beginning of this century, the Arctic Ocean has experienced a rapid decrease in sea ice extent, which strongly contributes to a pronounced regional climate warming known as âArctic Amplificationâ, i.e. two times as large as the global average. Sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT) mainly control changes in Arctic Ocean surface temperatures by insulating the warmer ocean water from the colder air above. Changes in atmospheric temperatures could perturb the Arctic climate, by affecting the regional atmospheric circulation. In most regional climate models (RCMs), SIC is prescribed from climate reanalyses whereas SIT is fixed in space and time, despite observations of large seasonal variations. Here, we compare climate simulations from the regional climate model MAR forced by the ERA-Interim and OSTIA reanalyses, using fixed SIT, to MAR simulations where SIT and SIC are prescribed by the GLORYS2V4 data set. The set of simulations covers the Arctic-CORDEX domain spanning the whole Arctic Ocean at a spatial resolution of 50 km for the period 2000-2015. This study aims to (1) improve the representation of surface temperatures, wind speed and direction within the Arctic boundary layer simulated by MAR, and to (2) estimate the sensitivity of Arctic surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation to prescribed SIT in MAR. Although our findings highlight the local sensitivity of surface temperatures to SIT changes, they also reveal that there is no clear benefit of using space and time varying SIT data sets to force MAR at 50 km resolution.Depuis le dĂ©but de ce siĂšcle, lâOcĂ©an Arctique a connu une diminution rapide de son Ă©tendue de glace de mer, entrainant un rĂ©chauffement climatique rĂ©gional appelĂ© "Amplification Arctique", i.e. deux fois plus marquĂ© que le rĂ©chauffement global. En jouant le rĂŽle dâisolant entre lâocĂ©an (plus chaud) et lâatmosphĂšre, lâĂ©paisseur et la concentration de glace de mer contrĂŽlent la tempĂ©rature Ă la surface de lâOcĂ©an Arctique. Une modification de la tempĂ©rature de surface pourrait entrainer une perturbation du systĂšme climatique, par le biais de son influence sur la circulation atmosphĂ©rique rĂ©gionale. Dans la plupart des modĂšles climatiques rĂ©gionaux (RCMs), la concentration de glace de mer est prescrite par des rĂ©analyses, tandis que lâĂ©paisseur de glace de mer est fixe dans le temps et lâespace, malgrĂ© sa variation saisonniĂšre importante. Dans cette Ă©tude, on comparera des simulations du MAR forcĂ© par ERA-intĂ©rim et OSTIA, i.e utilisant une Ă©paisseur de glace de mer fixe, avec des simulations ou lâĂ©paisseur et la concentration de glace de mer sont prescrites par GLORYS2v4. Lâensemble des simulations concerne le domaine CORDEX-Arctique et couvre la pĂ©riode 2000-2015. Lâobjectif de ce travail est (i) dâamĂ©liorer la reprĂ©sentation de la tempĂ©rature de surface, de la vitesse et direction du vent dans la couche limite atmosphĂ©rique du MAR en Arctique et; (ii) dâestimer la sensibilitĂ© de la tempĂ©rature de surface et de la circulation atmosphĂ©rique Ă diffĂ©rentes Ă©paisseurs de glace de mer prescrites dans le MAR. Bien que nous dĂ©montrions la sensibilitĂ© locale de la tempĂ©rature de surface Ă un changement dâĂ©paisseur de glace de mer (fixe), nous montrons aussi quâil nây a pas de bĂ©nĂ©fice clair quant Ă lâutilisation de lâĂ©paisseur de glace de mer variable dans le temps et lâespace comme forçage Ă la surface du MAR Ă 50 km de rĂ©solution
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