158 research outputs found

    Cold atom dynamics in a quantum optical lattice potential

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    We study a generalized cold atom Bose Hubbard model, where the periodic optical potential is formed by a cavity field with quantum properties. On the one hand the common coupling of all atoms to the same mode introduces cavity mediated long range atom-atom interactions and on the other hand atomic backaction on the field introduces atom-field entanglement. This modifies the properties of the associated quantum phase transitions and allows for new correlated atom-field states including superposition of different atomic quantum phases. After deriving an approximative Hamiltonian including the new long range interaction terms we exhibit central physical phenomena at generic configurations of few atoms in few wells. We find strong modifications of population fluctuations and next-nearest neighbor correlations near the phase transition point.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, corrected typo

    Model-independent WIMP Characterisation using ISR

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    The prospects of measuring the parameters of WIMP dark matter in a model independent way at the International Linear Collider are investigated. The signal under study is direct WIMP pair production with associated initial state radiation. The analysis is performed in full simulation of the ILD detector concept. With an integrated luminosity of L = 500 fb-1 and realistic beam polarizations the helicity structure of the WIMP couplings to electrons can be determined, and the masses and cross sections can be measured to the percent level. The systematic uncertainties are dominated by the polarization measurement and the luminosity spectrum.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders LCWS1

    Measurement of radiative neutralino production

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    We perform the first experimental study with full detector simulation for the radiative production of neutralinos at the linear collider, at sqrt{s} = 500 GeV and realistic beam polarizations. We consider all relevant backgrounds, like the Standard Model background from radiative neutrino production. The longitudinal polarized beams enhance the signal and simultaneously reduce the background, such that statistical errors are significantly reduced. We find that the photon spectrum from the signal process can be well isolated. The neutralino mass and the cross section can be measured at a few per-cent level, with the largest systematic uncertainties from the measurement of the beam polarization and the beam energy spectrum.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 2011 International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS11), Sept. 26-30, Granada, Spai

    Present and future sensitivity of the Antarctic surface mass balance to oceanic and atmospheric forcings: insights with the regional climate model MAR

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    Recent Global Warming has caused widespread ice losses from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) leading to an increase in mean sea level. By influencing the ice dynamics and the mass of water that accumulates on the continent, the surface mass balance (SMB, i.e, the difference between snow accumulation and ablation at the surface of the ice sheet) contributes to sea-level variations. A better knowledge of how present and future SMB will change is therefore needed to refine sea-level-rise estimates. With the aim of identifying the driving processes from different components of the climate system (from the surface of the ocean to high-elevation clouds), we reconstruct and project the Antarctic SMB using the regional climate model MAR developed at ULiĂšge, over 1980--2100. The results of MAR have been first compared to diverse observations to evaluate its performance. We gathered observations of several types (near-surface climate and snow accumulation) to guarantee the robustness of our results and conclusions based on our climate modeling. A first objective of this thesis was to determine to what extent the recent changes at the ocean surface can exert a direct feedback on the atmosphere and SMB. Our simulations with perturbed sea-ice concentration and sea-surface temperature around Antarctica reveal that strong and persistent katabatic winds prevent most atmospheric changes induced by the ocean to penetrate inland. This suggests a limited influence of the ocean surface on the Antarctic SMB. We focused afterwards on the sensitivity of the SMB to atmospheric warmings projected by global models using high-emission scenarios (RCP8.5 and ssp585). Higher temperatures are projected to increase SMB on the grounded ice as a result of stronger snowfall while the future SMB over the ice shelves should be dominated by higher meltwater-runoff values (compromising the stability of ice shelves) and is consequently projected to decrease. Leaving aside the role of the ocean on the thinning of ice shelves, increasing surface melt should however remain weak under the Paris Agreement limiting potential ice-shelf collapses and accelerated Antarctic ice losses. However, our results suggest a large spread in melt increase over the ice shelves during the 21st century resulting in large uncertainties in their potential disappearance. Given the important role of ice shelves in limiting the acceleration of Antarctic ice losses (as they restrain the grounded ice to flow into the ocean), the third subject of this thesis has been devoted to the physical drivers explaining differences in increased summer melt over the Antarctic ice shelves. Although the melt increase results from higher greenhouse-gas concentrations, differences in projected melt increases arises from liquid-containing clouds. These clouds re-emits more longwave energy towards the surface, increasing melt over the ice shelves and later favouring absorption of solar energy again strengthening melt. In conclusion, we investigate the sensitivity of the Antarctic SMB to different components of the climate system over 1981--2100. Uncertainties linked with the grounded Antarctic SMB essentially depend on the projected increased rates in snowfall associated with higher temperatures while uncertainties in the ice-shelf SMB decrease are related to cloud properties with more liquid-containing clouds leading to a stronger decrease of the ice-shelf SMB

    High resolution Surface Mass Balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet with the MAR model and an online downscaling method

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    Durant les vingt derniĂšres annĂ©es, l’inlandsis du Groenland a progressivement diminuĂ© en taille suite Ă  une augmentation du ruissellement de l’eau de fonte en Ă©tĂ© sans compensation par une augmentation des prĂ©cipitations. De plus, le taux de perte de la glace s’est aussi accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©, ce qui a comme consĂ©quence une Ă©lĂ©vation plus rapide du niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral des mers et davantage d’eau douce rejetĂ©e dans l’ocĂ©an. Les principales incertitudes lorsqu’on estime le bilan de mase en surface (BMS) de l’inlandsis du Groenland proviennent des marges oĂč plusieurs processus particuliers ont lieu. Par exemple, la rĂ©troaction de l’albĂ©do de la neige et le regel de l’eau fondue en surface peut renforcer ou au contraire diminuer la fonte. De plus, les fortes pentes en bordure d’inlandsis sont responsables de la distribution spatiale des prĂ©cipitations qui correspondent Ă  l’accumulation de masse de l’inlandsis. En modĂ©lisation, cela signifie qu’il est nĂ©cessaire d’utiliser des modĂšles avec une (trĂšs) haute rĂ©solution pour rĂ©soudre ces caractĂ©ristiques, ce qui est trĂšs couteux en temps de calcul. C’est pourquoi cette Ă©tude prĂ©sente l’évaluation d’une nouvelle mĂ©thode de rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e dans le modĂšle MAR qui permet d’utiliser une grille Ă  haute rĂ©solution dans le module de surface (SISVAT) couplĂ© au module atmosphĂ©rique de MAR utilisant une rĂ©solution deux fois plus basse. La mĂ©thode corrige l’humiditĂ© spĂ©cifique et la tempĂ©rature de proche-surface de MAR Ă  l’aide d’un gradient d’altitude avant de forcer le module de surface. Des simulations ont Ă©tĂ© lancĂ©es avec deux rĂ©solutions diffĂ©rentes et sont forcĂ©es avec les rĂ©analyses ERA-Interim sur la pĂ©riode allant de 1979 Ă  2014. La rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e est Ă©valuĂ©e par rapport Ă  la base de donnĂ©es PROMICE et montrent de meilleurs rĂ©sultats avec les observations de BMS sur l’inlandsis par rapport aux rĂ©sultats de MAR dans sa version standard. La comparaison de la rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e Ă  une rĂ©gionalisation a posteriori a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© peu de diffĂ©rence significative sauf prĂšs de la ligne d’équilibre. Seule la mĂ©thode couplĂ©e permet de faire regeler entiĂšrement l’eau fondue et la pluie en surface tandis que ce processus n’est qu’implicitement pris en compte dans la mĂ©thode a posteriori. ComparĂ© Ă  MAR dans sa version standard Ă  rĂ©solution Ă©quivalente, les rĂ©sultats rĂ©gionalisĂ©s de façon couplĂ©e montrent une surestimation de l’accumulation au centre de l’inlandsis et une surestimation de l’ablation aux marges dus aux biais que la mĂ©thode implique sur les prĂ©cipitations renforçant la rĂ©troaction de l’albĂ©do de la neige. En outre, les gradients de tempĂ©rature sont lĂ©gĂšrement trop importants entraĂźnant plus de fonte. En conclusion, la mĂ©thode de rĂ©gionalisation couplĂ©e doit encore ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©e en intĂ©grant une correction des prĂ©cipitations. Pour ce qui est du couplage entre modĂšle de dynamique glaciaire Ă  trĂšs haute rĂ©solution et modĂšle climatique Ă  haute rĂ©solution, la mĂ©thode a posteriori reste suffisante

    Flexible generation of correlated photon pairs in different frequency ranges

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    The feasibility to generate correlated photon pairs at variable frequencies is investigated. For this purpose, we consider the interaction of an off-resonant laser field with a two-level system possessing broken inversion symmetry. We show that the system generates non-classical photon pairs exhibiting strong intensity-intensity correlations. The intensity of the applied laser tunes the degree of correlation while the detuning controls the frequency of one of the photons which can be in the THz-domain. Furthermore, we observe the violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality characterizing these photons.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

    Sensitivity of arctic surface temperatures to sea ice thickness changes using the regional climate model mar

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    Since the beginning of this century, the Arctic Ocean has experienced a rapid decrease in sea ice extent, which strongly contributes to a pronounced regional climate warming known as “Arctic Amplification”, i.e. two times as large as the global average. Sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT) mainly control changes in Arctic Ocean surface temperatures by insulating the warmer ocean water from the colder air above. Changes in atmospheric temperatures could perturb the Arctic climate, by affecting the regional atmospheric circulation. In most regional climate models (RCMs), SIC is prescribed from climate reanalyses whereas SIT is fixed in space and time, despite observations of large seasonal variations. Here, we compare climate simulations from the regional climate model MAR forced by the ERA-Interim and OSTIA reanalyses, using fixed SIT, to MAR simulations where SIT and SIC are prescribed by the GLORYS2V4 data set. The set of simulations covers the Arctic-CORDEX domain spanning the whole Arctic Ocean at a spatial resolution of 50 km for the period 2000-2015. This study aims to (1) improve the representation of surface temperatures, wind speed and direction within the Arctic boundary layer simulated by MAR, and to (2) estimate the sensitivity of Arctic surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation to prescribed SIT in MAR. Although our findings highlight the local sensitivity of surface temperatures to SIT changes, they also reveal that there is no clear benefit of using space and time varying SIT data sets to force MAR at 50 km resolution.Depuis le dĂ©but de ce siĂšcle, l’OcĂ©an Arctique a connu une diminution rapide de son Ă©tendue de glace de mer, entrainant un rĂ©chauffement climatique rĂ©gional appelĂ© "Amplification Arctique", i.e. deux fois plus marquĂ© que le rĂ©chauffement global. En jouant le rĂŽle d’isolant entre l’ocĂ©an (plus chaud) et l’atmosphĂšre, l’épaisseur et la concentration de glace de mer contrĂŽlent la tempĂ©rature Ă  la surface de l’OcĂ©an Arctique. Une modification de la tempĂ©rature de surface pourrait entrainer une perturbation du systĂšme climatique, par le biais de son influence sur la circulation atmosphĂ©rique rĂ©gionale. Dans la plupart des modĂšles climatiques rĂ©gionaux (RCMs), la concentration de glace de mer est prescrite par des rĂ©analyses, tandis que l’épaisseur de glace de mer est fixe dans le temps et l’espace, malgrĂ© sa variation saisonniĂšre importante. Dans cette Ă©tude, on comparera des simulations du MAR forcĂ© par ERA-intĂ©rim et OSTIA, i.e utilisant une Ă©paisseur de glace de mer fixe, avec des simulations ou l’épaisseur et la concentration de glace de mer sont prescrites par GLORYS2v4. L’ensemble des simulations concerne le domaine CORDEX-Arctique et couvre la pĂ©riode 2000-2015. L’objectif de ce travail est (i) d’amĂ©liorer la reprĂ©sentation de la tempĂ©rature de surface, de la vitesse et direction du vent dans la couche limite atmosphĂ©rique du MAR en Arctique et; (ii) d’estimer la sensibilitĂ© de la tempĂ©rature de surface et de la circulation atmosphĂ©rique Ă  diffĂ©rentes Ă©paisseurs de glace de mer prescrites dans le MAR. Bien que nous dĂ©montrions la sensibilitĂ© locale de la tempĂ©rature de surface Ă  un changement d’épaisseur de glace de mer (fixe), nous montrons aussi qu’il n’y a pas de bĂ©nĂ©fice clair quant Ă  l’utilisation de l’épaisseur de glace de mer variable dans le temps et l’espace comme forçage Ă  la surface du MAR Ă  50 km de rĂ©solution
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