The scatter plot shows individual fractal dimension (FD) values for the right cerebellar cortex.

The left panel shows FD values for typically developing (TD) children (N = 18) and the right panel FD for ASD children (N = 20). **denotes P<0.05, Bonferroni correction.</p

The scatter plot showing the association between individual FD values and PIQ>VIQ profiles for ASD boys.

Data shown are from ASD participants with higher PIQs relative to their VIQ scores (N = 17 out of 20 ASD participants have PIQ>VIQ scores). Overall FD is higher for ASD participants who have a higher, wider PIQ>VIQ spread compared to ASD participants with a lower or narrower PIQ>VIQ difference (P = 0.023). The size of the marker denotes the corresponding root mean square error (RMSE) value to the log-log line of best fit for each participant; a smaller marker indicates a lower error value to the line of best fit and a larger marker indicates a higher value. Note. PIQ: Performance Intelligence Quotient; VIQ: Verbal Intelligence Quotient. All IQ subtest scores are within the normal range, above 70.</p

Demographic characteristics of the sample.

<p>Demographic characteristics of the sample.</p

Reduced structural complexity of the right cerebellar cortex in male children with autism spectrum disorder - Fig 3

<p><b>Illustration of subtle surface non-linearities in the right cerebellar cortex of two individual participants (one TD and one ASD) as captured by the FD measure (<i>D</i></b>_<b>2</b><b>), (A)</b> TD male child (9.21 years old, UCLA 0051278 in ABIDE) and <b>(B)</b> ASD male child (10 years old, Yale 0050602 in ABIDE. The left panel shows the bilateral cerebellums in the coronal plane whereas the right panel shows a rendering of the right cerebellar cortex for each participant and its corresponding log-log plot. Note that the final slope estimate (i.e., the FD value) is higher for the TD participant, with higher <i>R</i>² and lower root mean square error (RMSE), indicating a better fit for TD individual relative to the participant with ASD.</p