14 research outputs found
Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data
Background Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain
(the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an
increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically
diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical
depression.
Methods We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in
PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individuallevel
data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations
(IPD-Work) consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using
random effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published
study protocol (F1000Res 2013;2:233).
Results We included 6 published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914
incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221
individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was
associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published (Relative Risk
[RR]= 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-2.13) and unpublished datasets
(RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar
association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with
baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals
with baseline depressive symptoms (RR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on
adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.81-
1.32).
Conclusion Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future
intervention studies
Associations between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and length of work disability due to depression.
a<p>Separate models (SES indicators entered separately) adjusted for age, sex, and year (when the disability begun).</p>b<p>Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and for all other SES indicators.</p>c<p>Model 2 adjusted as Model 1 and for presence of chronic somatic disease as well as work disability due to mental or behavioral disorder (ICD-10 codes F00–F99) in the previous year.</p
Level of work-related exhaustion by characteristics of the study population.
a<p>Weighted percentage.</p
Relative leukocyte telomere length by work-related exhaustion.
<p>Error bars represent standard error of mean.</p
Associations between indicators of socioeconomic status and recurrence of work disability due to depression.
a<p>Separate models (SES indicators entered separately) adjusted for age and sex.</p>b<p>Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and for all other SES indicators.</p>c<p>Model 2 adjusted as Model 1 and for presence of chronic somatic disease as well as work disability due to mental or behavioral disorder (ICD-10 codes F00–F99) in the previous year.</p
Cumulative disability days due to depression per cumulative person-years by indicators of socioeconomic status: (a) occupational position (b) level of education (c) residence size, m<sup>2</sup> (d) residence ownership.
<p>Cumulative disability days due to depression per cumulative person-years by indicators of socioeconomic status: (a) occupational position (b) level of education (c) residence size, m<sup>2</sup> (d) residence ownership.</p
Associations between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) work disability days due to depression in 2005–2011.
a<p>Cumulative disability days due to depressive disorders per cumulative person-years in 2005–2011.</p>b<p>Separate models (SES indicators entered separately) adjusted for age and sex.</p>c<p>Model 1 adjusted for age and sex, and for all other SES indicators.</p>d<p>Model 2 adjusted as model 1 and for presence of chronic somatic disease as well as work disability due to mental or behavioral disorder (ICD-10 codes F00–F99) in the previous year.</p
Characteristics of the study population (N = 2911).
<p>Characteristics of the study population (N = 2911).</p
Association between relative leukocyte telomere length and the covariates.
<p>Association between relative leukocyte telomere length and the covariates.</p
Association between level of work-related exhaustion and relative leukocyte telomere length.
a<p>Model 1 is adjusted for sex and age.</p>b<p>Model 2 is adjusted for sex, age, marital status, occupational grade, daily smoking, body mass index, physical illness, and common mental disorders.</p