1,000 research outputs found
BalanceVR: Balance Training to Increase Tolerance to Cybersickness in Immersive Virtual Reality
Cybersickness is a serious usability problem in virtual reality. Postural (or
balance) instability theory has emerged as one of the major hypotheses for the
cause of cybersickness. In this paper, we conducted a two-week-long experiment
to observe the trends in user balance learning and sickness tolerance under
different experimental conditions to analyze the potential inter-relationship
between them. The experimental results have shown, aside from the obvious
improvement in balance performance itself, that accompanying balance training
had a stronger effect of increasing tolerance to cybersickness than mere
exposure to VR. In addition, training in immersive VR was found to be more
effective than using the 2D-based non-immersive medium, especially for the
transfer effect to other non-training VR content.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures
Dirac-Majorana neutrino type conversion induced by an oscillating scalar dark matter
Some properties of a neutrino may differ significantly depending on whether
it is Dirac or Majorana type. The type is determined by the relative size of
Dirac and Majorana masses, which may vary if they arise from an oscillating
scalar dark matter. We show that the change can be significant enough to
convert the neutrino type between Dirac and Majorana while satisfying
constraints on the dark matter. It predicts periodic modulations in the event
rates in various neutrino phenomena. As the energy density and, thus, the
oscillation amplitude of the dark matter evolves in the cosmic time scale, the
relative size of Dirac and Majorana masses changes accordingly. It provides an
interesting link between the present-time neutrino physics to the early
universe cosmology including the leptogenesis.Comment: Added more discussions and reference
Be human-like or AI-like: Investigating the impact of the anthropomorphism and decision valence on organizational justice and attractiveness in the AI-recruitment
The advancement of technology has led to the diffusion of AI, extending beyond individuals to the organizational level. Among all, AI recruitment is increasing organizations\u27 interest in its adoption to enhance operational efficiency, shape an attractive corporate image, and elevate the recruitment experience.
However, despite the increasing importance of AI recruitment, most of the previous research is conducted in the context of AI versus Human or AI-human collaboration and there is a lack of research examining how the applicantâs perceptions of organizational justice and attractiveness are formed by the AI recruiterâs human-likeness and situational context.
To address this research gap, this study aims to investigate the impact of AI Anthropomorphism on procedural justice, interactional justice, and organizational attractiveness based on the positive/negative outcome in an AI Recruitment setting. This study conducted a scenario-based between-subject experiment involving a 2(Human-like/Machine-like)X2(Positive/Negative) design. An independent sample T-test and ANOVA were conducted to test the hypotheses.
The results revealed that people prefer Human-like AI recruiters to machine-like ones in all measured variables. Considering the recruitmentâs valence, there were significant differences in perceived interactional Justice and organizational attractiveness only in the negative decision-making situations. However, procedural justice did not differ based on the level of AI anthropomorphism. It showed an outcome bias, which shows that regardless of the AI recruiterâs type, applicants tend to perceive higher procedural justice in positive rather than negative situations. This research offers insights for developers of AI Recruitment solutions and organizations considering the adoption of AI Recruitments, helping them explore optimal strategies for utilizing AI Recruitment system effectivel
An Active and Soft Hydrogel Actuator to Stimulate Live Cell Clusters by Self-folding
The hydrogels are widely used in various applications, and their successful uses depend on controlling the mechanical properties. In this study, we present an advanced strategy to develop hydrogel actuator designed to stimulate live cell clusters by self-folding. The hydrogel actuator consisting of two layers with different expansion ratios were fabricated to have various curvatures in self-folding. The expansion ratio of the hydrogel tuned with the molecular weight and concentration of gel-forming polymers, and temperature-sensitive molecules in a controlled manner. As a result, the hydrogel actuator could stimulate live cell clusters by compression and tension repeatedly, in response to temperature. The cell clusters were compressed in the 0.7-fold decreases of the radius of curvature with 1.0 mm in room temperature, as compared to that of 1.4 mm in 37 degrees C. Interestingly, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in MCF-7 tumor cells exposed by mechanical stimulation was expressed more than in those without stimulation. Overall, this new strategy to prepare the active and soft hydrogel actuator would be actively used in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and micro-scale actuators
Refined approaches in second leptogenesis for the baryon-lepton asymmetry discrepancy
The temperature-dependent mass of the heavy neutrino can lead to the second
leptogenesis occurring below the electroweak scale, potentially explaining the
large discrepancy between baryon and lepton asymmetries. We investigate this
scenario further, exploring the intricate interplay of the weak interaction
processes within this framework. It includes notable shifts in the dominant
decay channels of heavy neutrinos around the electroweak symmetry breaking,
along with the resonance behavior of the scattering processes near the
mass. The asymmetry can also vary over cosmic history due to the
temperature-dependent mass, allowing the asymmetry generation to be
amplified in the late epoch. These findings elucidate how such alterations in
the dynamics of second leptogenesis contribute to addressing the observed
discrepancies in baryon-lepton asymmetry.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
The effect of hidden female smoking on the relationship between smoking and cardiovascular disease
Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but several Korean studies have shown differing results on the association of current smoking status and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking status and CVD (myocardial infarction and stroke) using national representative populationbased samples. The aim was also to investigate the effects of hidden smokers on the association between CVD and smoking.Methods: Data were acquired from 28,620 participants (12,875 men and 15,745 women), age 19 years or older, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2008 to 2016.Results: The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ex-smoking status was correlated with CVD when self-reported (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20â2.19) and for survey-cotinine verified-smoking status (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.20â2.19). Interestingly, the present study showed current smoking was not significantly associated with CVD. For the effect of sex on smoking and CVD, self-reported and survey-cotinine-verified ex-smoking status were correlated with CVD in males (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04â2.04 and OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02â2.02) and in females (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.59â4.71 and OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.64â5.18). The ratios of cotinine-verified to self-reported smoking rates were 1.95 for women and 1.08 for men.Conclusions: In the current study, while ex-smoking status was significantly associated with CVD, current smoking status was not. Female ex-smoking status had a higher adjusted odds ratio for CVD than males compared to non-smoking status. An effect of hidden female smoking was also found on the association between smoking status and CVD in Korean adults
Gestodene, a novel positive allosteric modulator of PAR1, enhances PAR1-mediated human platelet aggregation
Background: Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is expressed in human platelets and can be activated by low concentrations of thrombin. Vorapaxar, a selective antagonist of PAR1, inhibits thrombin-induced calcium mobilization in human platelet, which is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Conversely, the administration of a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of PAR1 may pose a substantial risk of thrombosis due to inducing excessive platelet activation. In this study, we discovered a novel PAM of PAR1 and investigated the effect of enhanced PAR1 activation by PAM of PAR1 on platelet activation.Methods: To find PAMs of PAR1, a cell-based screen was performed in HT29 cells, and finally, gestodene, an oral contraceptive drug (OC), was identified as a novel PAM of PAR1. The mechanism of action of gestodene and its effects on platelet activation were investigated in human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line MEG-01 cells and human platelet.Results: Gestodene enhanced both thrombin- and PAR1-activating peptide (AP)-induced intracellular calcium levels in a dose-dependent manner without altering PAR2 and PAR4 activity. Gestodene significantly increased PAR1-AP-induced internalization of PAR1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and the enhancing effects were significantly blocked by vorapaxar. Furthermore, gestodene potently increased PAR1-AP induced morphological changes in MEG-01 cells. Remarkably, in human blood, gestodene exerted a robust augmentation of PAR1-AP-induced platelet aggregation, and vorapaxar effectively attenuated the gestodene-induced enhancement of platelet aggregation mediated by PAR1.Conclusion: Gestodene is a selective PAM of PAR1 and suggest one possible mechanism for the increased risk of venous thromboembolism associated with OCs containing gestodene
GPX8 regulates clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis through promoting lipogenesis by NNMT
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with its hallmark phenotype of high cytosolic lipid content, is considered a metabolic cancer. Despite the implication of this lipid-rich phenotype in ccRCC tumorigenesis, the roles and regulators of de novo lipid synthesis (DNL) in ccRCC remain largely unexplained.
Methods
Our bioinformatic screening focused on ccRCC-lipid phenotypes identified glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8), as a clinically relevant upstream regulator of DNL. GPX8 genetic silencing was performed with CRISPR-Cas9 or shRNA in ccRCC cell lines to dissect its roles. Untargeted metabolomics, RNA-seq analyses, and other biochemical assays (e.g., lipid droplets staining, fatty acid uptake, cell proliferation, xenograft, etc.) were carried out to investigate the GPX8s involvement in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis in ccRCC. The lipid metabolic function of GPX8 and its downstream were also measured by isotope-tracing-based DNL flux measurement.
Results
GPX8 knockout or downregulation substantially reduced lipid droplet levels (independent of lipid uptake), fatty acid de novo synthesis, triglyceride esterification in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. The downstream regulator was identified as nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): its knockdown phenocopied, and its expression rescued, GPX8 silencing both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, GPX8 regulated NNMT via IL6-STAT3 signaling, and blocking this axis suppressed ccRCC survival by activating AMPK. Notably, neither the GPX8-NNMT axis nor the DNL flux was affected by the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) status, the conventional regulator of ccRCC high lipid content.
Conclusions
Taken together, our findings unravel the roles of the VHL-independent GPX8-NNMT axis in ccRCC lipid metabolism as related to the phenotypes and growth of ccRCC, which may be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
Graphical abstractThe research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (grant NRF-2018R1A3B1052328 to S.P.) funded by the Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology, by Future Planning through the National Research Foundation, and by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF-2020R1I1A1A01073124 to J-M.K.) funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea
Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV
A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe
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