Trauma Of Empire: Violence, Minor Affect, And The Cold War Transpacific

This dissertation turns to contemporary Asian American literature to examine how the aftereffects of U.S. Cold War violence and trauma manifest themselves in minor subjectivities. In the texts I explore, peripheral subjects, whose physical and psychic dislocations stem from Cold War dynamics between Asia and the United States, develop affective modes of reciprocity and intimacy and thereby collectively act out and work through historical damage. In these sites of wounded sociality, trauma appears not just as catastrophic but also as ordinary; rather than displaying itself as an individual psychic pathology, trauma is reconfigured as a collective affective labor that produces a set of minor historiographies. In rewriting the dominant U.S. Cold War historiography through a traumatic genealogy of American empire in Asia, the cultural productions this project discusses create an aesthetics of the periphery and reveal the forgotten historical sites that the progressive temporality of U.S. imperialism has occluded. The writers I explore, including Jessica Hagedorn, Jane Jeong Trenka, Aimee Phan, and Ruth Ozeki, engage multiple historical scenes of the Cold War across the Pacific, from the metropolitanization of Manila and the refugees and transnational adoptees produced by the Cold War\u27s hot wars in Korea and Vietnam to the economic alliance between Japan and the United States. This dissertation proposes that these historically, geographically broad and diverse sites are interlinked not simply through the shared experience of U.S. Cold War dominance and neoliberal governance, but also through literary mediations establishing an affective transnational zone: an alternative historical space that at once reveals the contradictions of liberal empire and produces an eccentric temporality disrupting its linear forms of progress

Infrared and Radio Observations of a Small Group of Protostellar Objects in the Molecular Core, L1251-C

We present a multi-wavelength observational study of a low-mass star-forming region, L1251-C, with observational results at wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. Spitzer Space Telescope observations confirmed that IRAS 22343+7501 is a small group of protostellar objects. The extended emission in the east-west direction with its intensity peak at the center of L1251A has been detected at 350 and 850 mu m with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and James Clerk Maxwell telescopes, tracing dense envelope material around L1251A. The single-dish data from the Korean VLBI Network and TRAO telescopes show inconsistencies between the intensity peaks of several molecular emission lines and that of the continuum emission, suggesting complex distributions of molecular abundances around L1251A. The Submillimeter Array interferometer data, however, show intensity peaks of CO 2-1 and (CO)-C-13 2-1 located at the position of IRS 1, which is both the brightest source in the Infrared Array Camera image and the weakest source in the 1.3 mm dust-continuum map. IRS 1 is the strongest candidate for the driving source of the newly detected compact CO 2-1 outflow. Over the entire region (14' x 14') of L125l-C, 3 Class I and 16 Class II sources have been detected, including three young stellar objects (YSOs) in L1251A. A comparison between the average projected distance among the 19 YSOs in L1251-C and that among the 3 YSOs in L1251A suggests that L1251-C is an example of low-mass cluster Formation where protostellar objects form in a small group.Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education of the Korean government NRF-2012R1A1A2044689BK21 plus program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) grant - Korea government (MEST)National Science Foundation 0708158NASA NNX13AE54G, 1224608, 1230782, 1407Astronom

Infrared and Radio observations of a small group of protostellar objects in the molecular core, L1251-C

We present a multi-wavelength observational study of a low-mass star-forming region, L1251-C, with observational results at wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. Spitzer Space Telescope observations confirmed that IRAS 22343+7501 is a small group of protostellar objects. The extended emission to east-west direction with its intensity peak at the center of L1251A has been detected at 350 and 850 micron with the CSO and JCMT telescopes, tracing dense envelope materials around L1251A. The single-dish data from the KVN and TRAO telescopes show inconsistencies between the intensity peaks of several molecular line emission and that of the continuum emission, suggesting complex distributions of molecular abundances around L1251A. The SMA interferometer data, however, show intensity peaks of CO 2-1 and 13CO 2-1 located at the position of IRS 1, which is both the brightest source in IRAC image and the weakest source in the 1.3 mm dust continuum map. IRS 1 is the strongest candidate for the driving source of the newly detected compact CO 2-1 outflow. Over the whole region (14' by 14') of L125l-C, 3 Class I and 16 Class II sources have been detected, including three YSOs in L1251A. A comparison with the average projected distance among 19 YSOs in L1251-C and that among 3 YSOs in L1251A suggests L1251-C is an example of low-mass cluster formation, where protostellar objects are forming in a small group.Comment: 53 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

CULTURAL COMPETENCE LEVEL, ITS IMPORTANCE, AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS FOR CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG NURSES CARING FOR FOREIGNERS IN KOREA

Purpose: This study aimed to identify cultural competency, importance, and educational requirements by analyzing nurses who were experienced in nursing foreigners in secondary hospitals and hospitals all over Korea. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 210 nurses from 39 hospitals in Korea. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Main Findings: Satisfaction with nursing care averaged 2.48 ± 0.45. Perceived level of cultural competence averaged 2.69 ± 0.45. Cultural nursing behavior was at the highest level with 3.05±0.62; otherwise, cultural knowledge was the lowest among the subcategories (2.27±0.55). The level of importance of cultural competency was 3.69 ± 0.53. For the subcategories, cultural nursing behavior was at the highest level (3.77±0.63) and cultural awareness was at the lowest level (3.58±0.62). Training requirements had 6.83 ± 1.32, followed by cultural communication (7.34±1.50), attitudes and skills (7.04±1.50), knowledge of basics (6.83±1.33), knowledge of key concepts (6.73±1.53), and knowledge of theory and research (6.28±1.54). Implications/Applications: We suggest developing educational programs for clinical nurses to provide high-quality care to the subjects from various cultural backgrounds by strengthening cultural competency. In addition, the active support of the medical and health care institutions in improving cultural competency of nursing nurses should be emphasized

Skin care benefits of bioactive compounds isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (Rutaceae)

Purpose: To investigate skin care efficacies of Zanthoxylum pipetitum extract and isolated compounds. Methods: Ethanol extracts of leaves, branches and fruits of what were partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous layers and some fractions were further analyzed to isolate five compounds. The isolated compounds were identified based on the proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Cosmetic efficacy tests of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated by in vitro tests. Results: Phytochemical studies of the chloroform and ethyl acetate layers led to the isolation of five compounds; quercitrin (1), afzelin (2), hydroxy-α-sanshool (3), α-sanshool (4) and hyperoside (5). In activity tests, the extracts showed inhibitory activity against inflammation response and melanin synthesis, and induction of procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP). Among the isolated compounds, hydroxy-α-sanshool (3) and α-sanshool (4) displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Z. piperitum extract and its active compounds possess a significant potential as a cosmeeutical agent for enhancing skin quality

A Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm for Secure SDN Environment

Software Defined Network is a next-generation networking technology that transforms a closed network environment based on existing network vendors into a flexible, software-based, centralized management environment that can be simplified by abstracting and programming. Although these advantages can be applied to some security problems rather than existing networks, most of the security problems and vulnerabilities of existing networks are present and various attacks are taking place. In this paper, we propose a structure to enhance the security function of SDN by checking how to implement the network security function using SDN technology and lightening the existing block cipher algorithm for this security problem. Lightweight-AES algorithm, which is a lightweight block cipher algorithm based on the AES-256 algorithm, which can simultaneously satisfy the quality of high level of security. In the case of simply reducing the number of round operations of the AES algorithm, the difference diffusion effect of the KeySchedule function generating the round key is reduced, and the security of the encryption algorithm is degraded due to the related key attack using the related key difference characteristic. The Lightweight-AES algorithm proposed in this paper improves the rate of cancellation and decryption by reducing the number of round operations, and the round internal function is supplemented to increase the differential diffusion effect of the KeySchedule function. In order to evaluate the performance of the Lightweight-AES algorithm proposed in this paper, a comparison simulation is performed with the existing AES algorithm. As a result, we confirmed that the Lightweight-AES algorithm can provide SDN content security equal to the encryption / decryption rate and algorithm security strength of the AES-128 algorithm. Therefore, it is considered that the proposed Lightweight-AES algorithm can provide better security service in SDN environment quality and security than the existing AES-128 algorithm

Spectral survey of a Hot core with an Eruptive Accretion in S255IR NIRS3 (SHEA): The discovery of class I and class II millimeter methanol maser transitions

We report the detection of the millimeter CH$_3$OH masers including a new detection of class I (11$_{0,11}$-10$_{1,10}$A) and class II (6$_{1,5}$-5$_{2,4}$E) maser transitions toward the high-mass protostar S255IR NIRS3 in post-burst phase. The CH$_3$OH emissions were detected as a mixture of maser and thermal characteristics. We examine the detected transitions using an excitation diagram and LTE model spectra and compare the observed properties with those of thermal lines. Class II CH$_3$OH maser transitions showed distinctive intensity and velocity distributions from those of thermal transitions. Bright distinct emission components in addition to the fragmented and arc-shaped emissions are only detected in class I CH$_3$OH maser transitions toward southern and western directions from the protostellar position, implying the presence of the slow outflow shocks.Comment: 9 pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted for publication in ApJ