Juhyun Kim, Violin

Violin Sonata No. 21 in E minor, K. 304 / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; 6 Duets for Violin and Viola, Op. 19, No. 2, D minor-D major / Hoffmeister; Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45 / Edvard Grie

Annular Links with sl₂-Irreducible Annular Khovanov Homology

We prove that the rank of annular Khovanov homology of a braid in its next-to-top annular grading is always greater than 1, and as an immediate consequence prove that annular Khovanov homology of an annular link as a representation over the Lie algebra sl₂ is irreducible if and only if the annular link is isotopic to the core of the annulus. We also conjecture an analogue of Fox's trapezoid conjecture in the context of annular Khovanov homology with a computer-assisted supporting evidence

Transcription dynamics in TOL plasmid pWW0 of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida mt-2

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 25-04-2014Pseudomonas putida mt-2 metabolizes m-xylene and other aromatics through the convergence of enzymes encoded by the catabolic operons of the TOL plasmid pWW0 with chromosomally derived activities. Using the technique of tiling arrays for the transcriptome of interest in both pWW0 and the genome of this bacterium, we observed that not only all pWW0 xyl genes were highly transcribed in response to m-xylene/toluene, but a novel transcription unit downstream of xylN also became apparent, regardless of culture conditions. The 3’-end of the lower operon mRNA penetrated well into the convergent xylS transcript. In contrast, xylR mRNA for the head regulator of the system was sharply decreased by the aromatic substrates, although the corresponding upper operon mRNA was stable throughout its full length. RNA deep sequencing analysis showed a similar expression pattern for xyl genes when cells were treated with m-xylene, which provided higher resolution at the single nucleotide level, thereby revealing incorrect annotation of the xylL sequence. At the same time, the profile showed that the transcription level was apparently increased for several plasmid backbone genes such as orf13, orf31, orf124-126, orf188-191 and the mpf (mating pili formation) cluster, which led to definition of genetic structure. When we visualized the xyl transcripts by mRNA fluorescent in situ hybridization in a single cell, the molecules remained within one or two subcellular regions, which were nucleoid-free. Labeling of RNAP or ribosomal protein with fluorescent protein revealed that RNAP colocalizes with chromosomal DNA and the ribosome is spatially separated from those molecules. When the copy number of the target mRNA was increased by the T7 expression system, an increased number of foci was observed and most messages resided in nucleoid-free regions. In addition, the quantification of mRNA copy number with a statistical approach shows that the TOL system is subject to transcriptional bursting.Pseudomonas putida mt-2 metaboliza m-xileno y otros aromáticos a través de la convergencia de enzimas codificadas por los operones catabólicos del plásmido TOL pWW0 y de actividades enzimáticas de codificación cromosómica. Al emplear la técnica de microchips del tipo tiling para estudiar el transcriptoma originado tanto en pWW0 como en el cromosoma bacteriano, observamos que no sólo todos los genes xyl del plasmido TOL fueron vigorosamente transcritos en respuesta al m-xileno/tolueno; sino que también lo hizo una unidad transcripcional previamente desconocida que se encuentra localizada consecutivamente a xylN y que se expresa independientemente de las condiciones de cultivo. Además, el extremo 3’ del ARNm del operon inferior se extendió hasta el interior de la región codificante del gen xylS ubicado en posición convergente. Por el contrario, el nivel del ARNm de xylR, codificante del principal regulador del sistema, fue disminuyendo abruptamente en presencia de substratos aromáticos; no obstante el correspondiente ARNm del operón superior se mantuvo uniformemente estable a través de toda su longitud. Un análisis de secuenciación masiva de ARN muestra un patrón de expresión similar para los genes xyl cuando las células fueron tratadas con m-xileno, permitiendo una mayor resolución (hasta el nivel de nucleótido único); y de este modo, revelando una incorrecta anotación para la secuencia del gen xylL. Al mismo tiempo, el perfil transcripcional muestra que el nivel de transcritos de varios genes correspondientes a la columna vertebral del plasmido, tales como orf13, orf31, orf124-126, orf188-191 y el grupo mpf (formación del pelo conjugativo) se incrementó; lo cual permite definir su estructura genética. Al visualizar la transcripción de los genes xyl mediante hibridación in situ fluorescente de ARNm al nivel de célula única, se observa que las moléculas son retenidas únicamente dentro de una o dos regiones subcelulares las cuales se encuentran libres de nucleoides. Mediante marcaje con GFP (proteína fluorescente verde) de la polimerasa de ARN o de proteína ribosomal se observó que la polimerasa se colocaliza con el ADN cromosómico y que el ribosoma se encuentra espacialmente separado de estas moléculas. Al aumentar el número de copias de ARN de TOL mediante el sistema de expresión T7, se observó un incremento en el número de focos de co-localización y que la mayoría de los mensajeros residían en regiones libres de nucleoides. Además, la cuantificación del número de copias del ARNm con una aproximación estadística muestra que el sistema TOL se encuentra sujeto a transcriptional bursting, es decir se expresa en intensas ráfagas de actividad transcripcional intercaladas con periodos silentes

Multi-FAct: Assessing Multilingual LLMs' Multi-Regional Knowledge using FActScore

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to factuality hallucination, generating text that contradicts established knowledge. While extensive research has addressed this in English, little is known about multilingual LLMs. This paper systematically evaluates multilingual LLMs' factual accuracy across languages and geographic regions. We introduce a novel pipeline for multilingual factuality evaluation, adapting FActScore(Min et al., 2023) for diverse languages. Our analysis across nine languages reveals that English consistently outperforms others in factual accuracy and quantity of generated facts. Furthermore, multilingual models demonstrate a bias towards factual information from Western continents. These findings highlight the need for improved multilingual factuality assessment and underscore geographical biases in LLMs' fact generation

Photothermal Polymer Nanocomposites of Tungsten Bronze Nanorods with Enhanced Tensile Elongation at Low Filler Contents

We present polymer nanocomposites of tungsten bronze nanorods (TBNRs) and ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM). The combination of these components allows the simultaneous enhancement in the mechanical and photothermal properties of the composites at low filler contents. The as-synthesized TBNRs had lengths and diameters of 14.0 +/- 2.4 nm and 2.5 +/- 0.5 nm, respectively, and were capped with oleylamine, which has a chemical structure similar to EPDM, making the TBNRs compatible with the bulk EPDM matrix. The TBNRs absorb a wide range of near-infrared light because of the sub-band transitions induced by alkali metal doping. Thus, the nanocomposites of TBNRs in EPDM showed enhanced photothermal properties owing to the light absorption and subsequent heat emission by the TBNRs. Noticeably, the nanocomposite with only 3 wt% TBNRs presented significantly enhanced tensile strain at break, in comparison with those of pristine EPDM, nanocomposites with 1 and 2 wt % TBNRs, and those with tungsten bronze nanoparticles, because of the alignment of the nanorods during tensile elongation. The photothermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites make them promising materials for various applications such as in fibers, foams, clothes with cold weather resistance, patches or mask-like films for efficient transdermal delivery upon heat generation, and photoresponsive surfaces for droplet transport by the thermocapillary effect in microfluidic devices and microengines

The Glymphatic System in Diabetes-Induced Dementia

The glymphatic system has emerged as an important player in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, by regulating the vasculature impairment, effectively controlling the clearance of toxic peptides, modulating activity of astrocytes, and being involved in the circulation of neurotransmitters in the brain. Recently, several studies have indicated decreased activity of the glymphatic pathway under diabetes conditions such as in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, diabetes leads to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and decrease of apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression and the secretion of norepinephrine in the brain, involving the impairment of the glymphatic pathway and ultimately resulting in cognitive decline. Considering the increased prevalence of diabetes-induced dementia worldwide, the relationship between the glymphatic pathway and diabetes-induced dementia should be investigated and the mechanisms underlying their relationship should be discussed to promote the development of an effective therapeutic approach in the near future. Here, we have reviewed recent evidence for the relationship between glymphatic pathway dysfunction and diabetes. We highlight that the enhancement of the glymphatic system function during sleep may be beneficial to the attenuation of neuropathology in diabetes-induced dementia. Moreover, we suggest that improving glymphatic system activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of diabetes-induced dementia