Alcoholism and Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic use of alcohol is considered to be a potential risk factor for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which causes insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction that is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes. However, alcohol consumption in diabetes has been controversial and more detailed information on the diabetogenic impact of alcohol seems warranted. Diabetes, especially T2DM, causes dysregulation of various metabolic processes, which includes a defect in the insulin-mediated glucose function of adipocytes, and an impaired insulin action in the liver. In addition, neurobiological profiles of alcoholism are linked to the effects of a disruption of glucose homeostasis and of insulin resistance, which are affected by altered appetite that regulates the peptides and neurotrophic factors. Since conditions, which precede the onset of diabetes that are associated with alcoholism is one of the crucial public problems, researches in efforts to prevent and treat diabetes with alcohol dependence, receives special clinical interest. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to provide the recent progress and current theories in the interplay between alcoholism and diabetes. Further, the purpose of this study also includes summarizing the pathophysiological mechanisms in the neurobiology of alcoholism

A simple rat model of mild traumatic brain injury: device to reproduce anatomical and neurological changes of mild traumatic brain injury

View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/2818), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Mild traumatic brain injury typically involves temporary impairment of neurological function. Previous studies used the water pressure or rotational injury for designing the device to make a rat mild traumatic brain injury model. The objective of this study was to make a simple model of mild traumatic brain injury in rat. The device consisted of a freefall impactor that was targeted onto the rat skull. The weight (175g) was freely dropped 30cm to rat's skull bregma. We installed a safety device made of acrylic panel. (Collins et al. 1999). Actually, hospital-treated MTBIs are no more than 26 100 to 300/100,000 (Harmon et al. 2013). Neurological, cognitive and behavioral deficits, caused 27 by MTBIs, are observed only for a short period of time. A headache, vomiting, cognitive slowing, 28 fatigue, dizziness, depression, and problems with attention and memory can be one of its 29 symptoms (d'Hemecourt. 2011; 39 However, such a damaging mechanism, which delivered shock to their head and fell down them, 40 could not induce MTBIs alone. In another study, shocks were delivered to the craniums of rats 41 equipped with helmet disks, but it was also complicated to put the helmet disk (Xu et al. 2014). 42 In the case of a method suggested by Tang et al., it was comparatively simple and did not cause 43 skull fracture

Work-Related Perceptions, Injuries, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms: Comparison Between U.S.-Educated and Foreign-Educated Nurses.

Immigrants account for a significant proportion of the nursing workforce in the United States (U.S.). Although different cultural backgrounds may affect immigrant nurses' perceptions of work and occupational health risks, little research has been conducted. Defining immigrant nurses as those who received initial nursing education in foreign countries, this study examined the differences in work-related perceptions and experiences of musculoskeletal (MS) symptoms and injuries between U.S.-educated and foreign-educated nurses. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study using a statewide random sample of 419 California registered nurses. Foreign-educated nurses reported a more positive safety climate (p = .017) and perceived their jobs as less demanding (p = .008) than did U.S.-educated nurses. The prevalence of work-related MS symptoms was significantly lower in foreign-educated nurses than in U.S.-educated nurses (p = .044), but the difference was not significant in the multivariable analyses. Positive safety climate was significantly associated with a decreased risk of work-related MS symptoms and injuries, and this relationship was greater among U.S.-educated nurses than among foreign-educated nurses. Our findings suggest that immigrant nurses may have different perceptions about safety climate and job demand, which may modify their occupational health risks

Development of Ocean Economy Satellite Account in Korea

The ocean has emerged as a new solution to new growth engines. However, some issues remain to be resolved, such as unified concepts and evaluation methods for the ocean economy, comparability between the national economy and the ocean economy, and the connection between global and national assessments. Since the ocean economy comprises various complex industries, it is necessary to establish policies based on an objective analysis of economic indicators. However, there have been difficulties in analyzing industrial activities related to the ocean economy within the national account system. To more accurately calculate the share of the ocean economy sector in the national economy, it is necessary to create a satellite account that reflects the characteristics of the ocean economic activities while maintaining consistency with the national account. This study aims to develop a satellite account for the ocean economy, a measurement of GDP in the ocean sector, which can correspond with the national accounts system and intends to propose Korean practices as a framework in the process of discussing international guidelines. This study introduces a potential structure for Korea\u27s ocean economy satellite account, the principles, methods, and data used for value coefficient estimation, and finally presents pilot results for several components of the ocean economy. This account can be utilized to diagnose the economic position as well as the policy effects of Korea’s ocean economy sector while contributing to the establishment of mid-to-long term industrial policies. This case study of Korean practices can be an important example that offers a framework and principles for international discussions

Index Verborum der Śaunakasaṃhitā und der Paippalādasaṃhitā des Atharvaveda: Teil 2 - AVŚ → AVP

AnnouncementTwo word indexes of the Atharvaveda are being published here. They are based on the Paippalāda edition (in press, at Würzburg) by Jeong Soo Kim and the standard Atharvaveda edition (Roth-Whitney-Lindenau).The first word index lists the words of the Śaunaka Saṃhitā (AVŚ, AV) with their locations in AVŚ; the second index lists the words of the Paippalāda Saṃhitā (AVP, PS) with their locations in AVP. This publication had been planned and agreed on for publication in the Harvard Oriental Series (Vol.101 sqq.) years ago. However, due to my retirement from Harvard in September 2022, the current chair of the Department of South Asian Studies, Parimal Patil, and his tenured colleagues have abruptedly taken away my editorship (HOS 50-100) and have stopped all publications for the foreseeable future. In this situation, S.J. Kim and I have opted for publishing his important work in EJVS. Pacta sunt servanda.We hope that this publication will further Atharvaveda Studies and Vedic studies in general, and beyond this (comparative) linguistic studies. Michael WitzelWales Research Professor of Sanskrit,Department of South Asian Studies,Harvard UniversityThe present indices verborum of Atharvaveda began in 2015 with the inclusion of words from Kāṇḍas 8 and 9 (Kim 2014) and in subsequent years from Kāṇḍas 1 (Zehnder 1993), 2 (Zehnder 1999), 3 (Spiers 2020 unpubl.), 5 (Lubotsky 2002), 6-7 (Griffiths 2009), 13-14 (Lopez 2010), 15 (Lelli 2020), 17.1-6 (Selva 2014 unpubl.), 17.12-15 and 17.21-43 (Selva 2019 unpubl.) and 20.1-30 (Kubisch 2012). The AVP and AVŚ words that the author encountered in private readings (Kāṇḍa 16) and in lessons (Kāṇḍas 1) were also included. During the DFG project “Eine neue Edition des zweit­ältesten indischen Textes, der Śaunaka­saṃhitā des Atharvaveda nebst der Erstellung eines Index verborum der Paippalādasaṃhitā und Śaunakasaṃhitā” (2018-2021), all words from the AVŚ (see: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-277038) and also the words from the AVP parallel passages were included. In the second phase of the project (01.2022-05.2023, funded by the DFG), the words from Kāṇḍa 11, 12, 19 and 20 of the Paippalādasaṃhitā were entered into the index. Bhattacharya's editions from 1997 to 2016 (as well as Bhattacharyya 1964 and 1970) were always taken into account when adding the lemmas. Most recently, the edits of Kāṇḍa 1 (revised by Zehnder 1993), Kāṇḍa 4 and Kāṇḍa 12 of the “Paippalāda Recension of the Atharvaveda. Online Edition (beta). https://www.atharvavedapaippalada.uzh.ch/” [visited, January 2024] was included in the present index, although it had already been completed. In order to achieve as reliable an emendation as possible in the numerous difficult or corrupt passages, reference was made to my data collection of pronunciation and spelling errors in the Orissa Mss. (94 pages, unpubl.) and in the Kashmiri manuscript (109 pages, unpubl.), which enabled a statistical evaluation of the erroneous syllables according to their frequency. Unfortunately, not all cases are represented in the database, so that numerous passages are still open to discussion. AnnouncementTwo word indexes of the Atharvaveda are being published here. They are based on the Paippalāda edition (in press, at Würzburg) by Jeong Soo Kim and the standard Atharvaveda edition (Roth-Whitney-Lindenau).The first word index lists the words of the Śaunaka Saṃhitā (AVŚ, AV) with their locations in AVŚ; the second index lists the words of the Paippalāda Saṃhitā (AVP, PS) with their locations in AVP. This publication had been planned and agreed on for publication in the Harvard Oriental Series (Vol.101 sqq.) years ago. However, due to my retirement from Harvard in September 2022, the current chair of the Department of South Asian Studies, Parimal Patil, and his tenured colleagues have abruptedly taken away my editorship (HOS 50-100) and have stopped all publications for the foreseeable future. In this situation, S.J. Kim and I have opted for publishing his important work in EJVS. Pacta sunt servanda.We hope that this publication will further Atharvaveda Studies and Vedic studies in general, and beyond this (comparative) linguistic studies. Michael WitzelWales Research Professor of Sanskrit,Department of South Asian Studies,Harvard Universit

Index Verborum der Paippalādasaṃhitā und der Śaunakasaṃhitā des Atharvaveda: Teil 1 - AVP → AVŚ

The present indices verborum of Atharvaveda began in 2015 with the inclusion of words from Kāṇḍas 8 and 9 (Kim 2014) and in subsequent years from Kāṇḍas 1 (Zehnder 1993), 2 (Zehnder 1999), 3 (Spiers 2020 unpubl.), 5 (Lubotsky 2002), 6-7 (Griffiths 2009), 13-14 (Lopez 2010), 15 (Lelli 2020), 17.1-6 (Selva 2014 unpubl.), 17.12-15 and 17.21-43 (Selva 2019 unpubl.) and 20.1-30 (Kubisch 2012). The AVP and AVŚ words that the author encountered in private readings (Kāṇḍa 16) and in lessons (Kāṇḍas 1) were also included. During the DFG project “Eine neue Edition des zweit­ältesten indischen Textes, der Śaunaka­saṃhitā des Atharvaveda nebst der Erstellung eines Index verborum der Paippalādasaṃhitā und Śaunakasaṃhitā” (2018-2021), all words from the AVŚ (see: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-277038) and also the words from the AVP parallel passages were included. In the second phase of the project (01.2022-05.2023, funded by the DFG), the words from Kāṇḍa 11, 12, 19 and 20 of the Paippalādasaṃhitā were entered into the index. Bhattacharya's editions from 1997 to 2016 (as well as Bhattacharyya 1964 and 1970) were always taken into account when adding the lemmas. Most recently, the edits of Kāṇḍa 1 (revised by Zehnder 1993), Kāṇḍa 4 and Kāṇḍa 12 of the “Paippalāda Recension of the Atharvaveda. Online Edition (beta). https://www.atharvavedapaippalada.uzh.ch/” [visited, January 2024] was included in the present index, although it had already been completed. In order to achieve as reliable an emendation as possible in the numerous difficult or corrupt passages, reference was made to my data collection of pronunciation and spelling errors in the Orissa Mss. (94 pages, unpubl.) and in the Kashmiri manuscript (109 pages, unpubl.), which enabled a statistical evaluation of the erroneous syllables according to their frequency. Unfortunately, not all cases are represented in the database, so that numerous passages are still open to discussion.   AnnouncementTwo word indexes of the Atharvaveda are being published here. They are based on the Paippalāda edition (in press, at Würzburg) by Jeong Soo Kim and the standard Atharvaveda edition (Roth-Whitney-Lindenau).The first word index lists the words of the Śaunaka Saṃhitā (AVŚ, AV) with their locations in AVŚ; the second index lists the words of the Paippalāda Saṃhitā (AVP, PS) with their locations in AVP. This publication had been planned and agreed on for publication in the Harvard Oriental Series (Vol.101 sqq.) years ago. However, due to my retirement from Harvard in September 2022, the current chair of the Department of South Asian Studies, Parimal Patil, and his tenured colleagues have abruptedly taken away my editorship (HOS 50-100) and have stopped all publications for the foreseeable future. In this situation, S.J. Kim and I have opted for publishing his important work in EJVS. Pacta sunt servanda.We hope that this publication will further Atharvaveda Studies and Vedic studies in general, and beyond this (comparative) linguistic studies. Michael WitzelWales Research Professor of Sanskrit,Department of South Asian Studies,Harvard Universit