Heavy Metal Removal from Shooting Range Soil by Hybrid Electrokinetics with Bacteria and Enhancing Agents

This study presents a method for heavy metal removal from a shooting range soil by a newly suggested hybrid technology. Active bioaugmentation was performed using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in the bioleaching step, and each test was sequentially combined with acid-enhanced and EDTA-enhanced electrokinetics. The results of the bioleaching processes indicated that S-oxidizing bacteria enhanced the mobility of heavy metals in the soil, based on their chemical forms. This process improved the final removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn in the hybrid electrokinetics. In the case of Pb, however, anglesite (PbSO4) has been easily formed in the bioleaching step from sulfate, a byproduct of S oxidation. Despite the potential negative effect on combining acid-enhanced electrokinetics, this problem was overcome by the application of an electrokinetic EDTA injection. Moreover, this method showed enhanced removal efficiency for Pb (92.7%) that was superior to that of an abiotic process. This hybrid method of EDTA-enhanced bioelectrokinetics demonstrated an adequate removal efficiency of heavy metals, especially Pb, with lower power consumption and eco-friendly soil conditions

Table_2_Postoperative cervical length to predict success of repeat cerclage in singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes after prior cerclage.docx

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the outcome of repeat cerclage (RC) in singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes following a prior cerclage and analyze predictive factors for delivery at ≥26 weeks of gestation following RC.Materials and methodsPatients who underwent RC between 2010 and 2020 at the Hallym University Medical Center were reviewed. Women with singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes following prior cerclage were candidates for RC. We analyzed the characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, perioperative clinical and laboratory findings, and postoperative cervical length (CL) to identify the factors for predicting delivery at ≥26 weeks following RC.ResultsThirty-five women with RC were identified; the median gestational age (GA) at a prior cerclage was 14 weeks, the average GA at RC was 21 + 3 weeks, and the median GA at delivery following RC was 26 + 2 weeks. Patients were divided into two groups based on their delivery status at 26 weeks: 17 women delivered at ConclusionRC may prolong singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes following prior cerclage. A postoperative CL ≥20 mm may predict the success of RC.</p

Table_1_Postoperative cervical length to predict success of repeat cerclage in singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes after prior cerclage.docx

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the outcome of repeat cerclage (RC) in singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes following a prior cerclage and analyze predictive factors for delivery at ≥26 weeks of gestation following RC.Materials and methodsPatients who underwent RC between 2010 and 2020 at the Hallym University Medical Center were reviewed. Women with singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes following prior cerclage were candidates for RC. We analyzed the characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, perioperative clinical and laboratory findings, and postoperative cervical length (CL) to identify the factors for predicting delivery at ≥26 weeks following RC.ResultsThirty-five women with RC were identified; the median gestational age (GA) at a prior cerclage was 14 weeks, the average GA at RC was 21 + 3 weeks, and the median GA at delivery following RC was 26 + 2 weeks. Patients were divided into two groups based on their delivery status at 26 weeks: 17 women delivered at ConclusionRC may prolong singleton pregnancies with prolapsed membranes following prior cerclage. A postoperative CL ≥20 mm may predict the success of RC.</p

Multivariate logistic regression model showing the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of association between various factors and transfusion in CM group (n = 119).

Multivariate logistic regression model showing the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of association between various factors and transfusion in CM group (n = 119).</p

Comparison of operative outcomes according to number of removed myoma in CM group (n = 119).

Comparison of operative outcomes according to number of removed myoma in CM group (n = 119).</p

Fetal outcomes of pregnant women with myomas taken caesarean sections.

Fetal outcomes of pregnant women with myomas taken caesarean sections.</p

Operative outcomes according to the myoma type in CM group (n = 119).

Operative outcomes according to the myoma type in CM group (n = 119).</p

Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with myomas taken cesarean sections (n = 292).

Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with myomas taken cesarean sections (n = 292).</p

Operative outcomes according to the myoma weight in CM group (n = 119).

Operative outcomes according to the myoma weight in CM group (n = 119).</p

Operative outcomes (n = 292).

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of myoma characteristics on cesarean myomectomy and to demonstrate its additional advantages.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from 292 women with myomas who had undergone cesarean section at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between 2007 and 2019. We performed subgroup analysis according to the type, weight, number, and size of myomas. Preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, incidence of transfusion, uterine artery embolization, ligation, hysterectomy, and postoperative complications were compared among subgroups.ResultsThere were 119 patients who had cesarean myomectomy and 173 who had cesarean section only. An increase in postoperative hospitalization and operation time was observed in the cesarean myomectomy group compared to that in the caesarean section only group (mean difference, 0.7 days, p = 0.01, 13.5 minutes, p ConclusionIn cesarean myomectomy, larger (≥ 10 cm), and heavier myomas (≥ 500 g), were associated with postoperative outcomes, but not the number or type of myoma. The safety of cesarean myomectomy is not inferior to that of caesarean section only, considering its positive effects such as gynecological symptom relief and avoidance of the next surgery.</div