Pengelolaan Peperomia (Peperomia sp.), Begonia (Begonia sp.), Bromelia (Neoregelia schultesiana), dan Hortensia (Hydrangea macrophylla) di Bogor, Jawa Barat

Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret–Juli 2021 di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam pengelolaan tanaman hias khususnya peperomia, bromelia, begonia, dan hortensia. Kegiatan pengelolaan tanaman hias mencakup jadwal produksi mulai dari persiapan tanam hingga siap panen dan kriteria panen tanaman. Pengamatan tanaman Peperomia obtusifolia, Neoregelia schultesiana, dan Hydrangea macrophylla meliputi jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman. Pengukuran tanaman Peperomia argyreia dan Peperomia caperata meliputi jumlah tunas. Pengukuran Begonia ‘orococo’ meliputi panjang daun, lebar daun, dan jumlah daun. Kegiatan budidaya tanaman hias yang dilakukan meliputi persiapan media tanam, pembibitan, penyiraman, pemupukan, pengendalian hama penyakit, panen, dan pascapanen. Hasil pengamatan pada tanaman Peperomia obtusifolia, Neoregelia schultesiana, dan Begonia ‘orococo’ yang menggunakan metode perbanyakan stek batang tergolong cepat, sedangkan Peperomia caperata dan Peperomia argyreia yang diperbanyak dengan menggunakan metode stek daun memiliki pertumbuhan yang lambat sehingga selama penelitian tanaman tidak memenuhi kriteria pemasaran. Hydrangea macrophylla memiliki umur panen rata-rata sekitar 15 MST. Kemampuan teknis mahasiswa meningkat dalam pengelolaan tanaman hias. Hasil analisis usahatani dengan asumsi luasan 200 m2 pada Peperomia obtusifolia, Peperomia argyreia, Peperomia caperata, Begonia ‘orococo’, dan Neoregelia schultesiana menunjukkan hasil R/C rasio >1 yang berarti menguntungkan. Kata kunci:  analisis usaha tani, kriteria panen, pembibitan tanaman hias, stek daun, stek batan

Correlations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Pigments and Total Flavonoids of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves in the Vegetative and Generative Phases

Moringa oleifera is universally known as the miracle plant or the tree of life. Moringa leaf extract contains phenolic acids and flavonoids, especially flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin glycosides) and flavones (apigenin). This study aimed to elucidate any correlations between nutrient, pigment, and flavonoid concentrations for different leaf positions and different growth phases. The results showed that pigment and total flavonoid concentrations increased from the 1st leaf to the 5th leaf, while nutrient concentration decreased. Pigment concentration, total flavonoid, and nutrient concentration were higher in the vegetative phase than the generative phase. The concentration of nutrients in the generative plants displayed a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. The 1st to 5th leaf of the vegetative plants can be used as indicator leaves for tissue analysis of the moringa plant

Pengaruh Aplikasi GA3 dan Pemupukan NPK Terhadap Keragaan Tanaman Cabai sebagai Tanaman Hias Pot

ABSTRACTThe objected of this experiment was to know the dose of NPK fertilizer and most appropriate application of GA3  to increase ornamental pepper quality. The experiment has been done from May until August 2009 at Leuwikopo greenhouse, IPB. The experiment was arranged in Split Plot Design within Randomized Complete Block Design. Main Plot factors was application of GA3 (0 ppm, 100 ppm, and 200ppm) and sub plot was dosage of NPK fertilizer (0 g polybag-1, 1.5  g polybag-1, 3 g polybag-1, and 6 g  polybag-1). The results showed that GA3  100 and 200 ppm increased the plant height, number of nodes of plant, and elongated the  internode of stem, but the generative growth of plant become pursued. NPK fertilizer 6 g polybag-1gave the lowest of plant height and have yielded a  few  of  flower  and  fruit.  Based  on  test  of consumer  preferences,  the  best  appearance  was combination without treatment of GA3 and fertilization NPK 3 g polybag-1.Key words : Ornamental pepper, GA3, NPK ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk NPK dan konsentrasi  yang paling tepat dari aplikasi GA3 untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanaman Lada hias. Percobaan penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2009 di rumah kaca kebun percobaan Leuwikopo, IPB. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan Split plot acak lengkap. Plot utama adalah aplikasi GA3 (0, ppm  100  ppm,  dan  200  ppm)  dan  anak  petak  adalah dosis  pupuk  NPK  (0  g  polybag-1,  1.5  g polybag-1, dan 6 g polybag-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan GA3 100 dan 200 ppm dapat meningkatkan  tinggi  tanaman,  jumlah  node  dan  internode  pada  caban. Pupuk  NPK  dengan taraf aplikasi 6 g polybag-1 menunjukkan hasil yang terendah pada tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah bunga serta  buah  yang  lebih sedikit.  Berdasarkan  uji  preferensi  konsumen,   yang  paling  disukai adalah Lada dari perlakuan tanpa GA3 dan dengan penambahan pupuk NPK 3 g polybag-1.Kata kunci: GA3, NPK, Tanaman Lada NP

The Effects of Different Rates of Chicken Manure and Harvest Intervals on the Bioactive Compounds of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.)

Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) is a valuable functional vegetable and traditional medicinal plant in many tropical countries including Indonesia. Bitter leaf is commonly used to remedy hypertension and diabetes among Indonesian people. The leaf extract comprises bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones, steroid glycosides, and flavonoids. Despite its growing market demand, there is insufficient data on agronomic practice in order to obtain optimum yield with high bioactive compounds.  The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with two factors namely chicken manure rates (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 kg per plant) and harvest intervals (2 and 3 months). There was a significant difference in fresh and dry weights of leaves, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, nitrogen concentration, anthocyanins, and flavonoids among different manure treatment. The highest concentration and production of bioactive compounds on the bitter leaf was found on the highest treatment of 7.5 kg chicken manure per plant. The harvest interval of three months significantly increased fresh and dry weights of leaves, concentration of anthocyanins, phosphorus, and potassium, uptake of phosphorus and potassium, and production of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Cultivation using chicken manure with frequent period of pruning can enhance the production of biomass as well as secondary metabolites in bitter leaf

Respon Pertumbuhan Cabai Hias (Capsicum annuum L.) dalam Pot terhadap Komposisi Pupuk AB Mix

Tanaman cabai dapat dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman hias dalam pot karena keragaan tanaman yang tidak terlalu tinggi, memiliki buah yang berwarna-warni, dan tampilannya menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa komposisi pupuk AB mix terhadap penampilan genotipe cabai hias Viola, Adelina, dan Ayesha sebagai tanaman hias dalam pot. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, IPB Dramaga Bogor pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2019. Percobaan ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (split plot RKLT). Petak utama adalah pemupukan: P1 (AB mix cabai hara tinggi), P2 (AB mix cabai hara rendah), dan P3 (AB mix general). Anak petak adalah: G1 (Viola), G2 (Adelina), dan G3 (Ayesha). Peningkatan pertumbuhan dan keragaan cabai hias genotipe Viola, Adelina, dan Ayesha dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk AB Mix cabai baik yang memiliki kandungan hara tinggi maupun rendah dan AB mix general. Genotipe Viola dan Ayesha memiliki keragaan terbaik pada 10 MST dengan pemberian pupuk AB mix general. Tanaman cabai hias genotipe Adelina memiliki keragaan terbaik pada 10 MST dengan pemberian pupuk AB mix cabai hara tinggi. Kata kunci: AB mix, keragaan, komposisi pupuk, proporsi tanaman, tanaman hia

Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Pepaya (Carica Papaya L. ) Genotipe IPB 3, IPB 4, dan IPB 9

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari tipe-tipe media tumbuh pada semaian benih dan perkecambahan genotipe-genotipe benih pepaya IPB 3, IPB 4 dan IPB 9 serta mengetahui media pertumbuhan yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan semaian pepaya yang baik dan memiliki bobot yang ringan dalam memudahkan pengangkutan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga September 2011 di rumah kaca FATETA IPB, Leuwikopo Bogor dan kebun percobaan PKBT IPB, Tajur Bogor. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan menggunakan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah lima macam media pertumbuhan dengan rasio 2:1:1, yaitu M1 = tanah : pasir : pupuk kandang, M2 = tanah : pasir : arang sekam padi, M3 : tanah :  pasir : cocopeat, M4 = tanah : pupuk kandung : cocopeat dan M5 = tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam. Penelitian terdiri dari 15 kombinasi dengan 3 ulangan sehingga ada 45 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkecambahan pepaya yang tertinggi pada media dengan campuran tanah, pupuk kandang dan arang sekam (M5) sebesar 70% dan genotipe IPB 3 (G1) sebesar  70.91%. Media dengan komposisi tanah, pupuk kandang dan arang sekam (M5) dengan rasio 2:1:1 merupakan media terbaik untuk persemaian pepaya yang berumur 6 MST dan memiliki bobot semaian per polibag yang teringan dibandingkan dengan media tanam lainnya untuk memudahkan transportasi bibit

Fruit Coating with Chitosan and Beeswax to Increase Papaya Shelf Life

Papaya (Carica papaya) is a climacteric fruit with an increased respiration rate during ripening process. Papaya respiration rate can be inhibited by providing a coating on the surface of the fruits, including chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from shrimp shell waste, or beeswax.The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of chitosan and beeswax coating on the shelf life and quality of papaya Callina fruit during storage. Results of the experiments showed that fruit coating with chitosan and beeswax can extend the shelf life of papaya Callina by four to five days compared to control due to inhibition respiration rate of papaya fruits during storage.The use of chitosan and beeswax was beneficial to maintain the physical and chemical quality of papaya Callina fruits

Correlations between Leaf Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Leaf Chlorophyll, Anthocyanins and Carotenoids Content at Vegetative and Generative Stage of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygealina Del.)

Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) is a nutritional and medicinal plant that is used widely throughout tropical Africa and other countries. The leaves are proved to have strong antioxidant property. The concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, anthocyanins and carotenoids in five different leaf positions of vegetative and generative phases were studied. The aim of the study is to understand and to correlate the content of the three nutrients and the bioactive compounds along the five leaf positions at vegetative and generative stage of the crop growth. The study showed that the concentration of chlorophyll a and b was higher, and anthocyanin concentration was almost zero in the generative than in the vegetative stage. The leaf concentration of N, P, and K were higher in vegetative than in generative stage. At vegetative stage, N positively correlated with chlorophyll a at the 1st leaf; K had strong correlations with anthocyanins at the 2nd and 3rd leaf and with chlorophyll a at the 2nd and 5th, and with chlorophyll b and carotenoids at the 5th leaf. At the generative stage, P had a strong positive correlation with carotenoids at 4th and 5th leaves, and K positively correlated with chlorophyll a and b at 5th leaf. The findings suggest that bitter leaf is better to be harvested at vegetative stage, and that potassium level is important to increase ­anthocyanins and carotenoids content

Respon Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frustescens L.) pada Sistem Irigasi Tetes Terhadap Aplikasi Nanosilika lewat Daun

Cabai rawit merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran terpenting di Indonesia. Masalah terpenting dalam produksi cabai rawit adalah rendahnya produktivitas. Aplikasi nanosilika diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas cabai rawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi nanosilika lewat daun terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai rawit pada budi daya menggunakan mulsa polyethylene dan irigasi tetes. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dengan jenis tanah latosol dan koodinat 6°33'50.2"S 106°43'31.0"E. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi nanosilika yang diberikan dalam 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 ml L-1 dengan 3 ulangan. Variabel yang diamati adalah karakter vegetatif, respon perkembangan dan hasil tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi nanosilika pada cabai rawit Harita pada sistem budi daya menggunakan mulsa polyethylene dan irigasi tetes tidak meningkatkan variabel vegetatif tanaman dan hasil tanaman.    Kata kunci: buah layak jual, mulsa polyethylene, split fertigas

Growth and Development of Potted Ornamental Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) with Different Types of Fertilizer and Growing Media

Chilli has great potential to be marketed as ornamental potted plants due to their diversity in colours and shape of the fruits. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum growing media and types of fertilizer to improve the performance of three varieties of potted ornamental chilli, ”Syakira”, “Lembayung”, and “Ayesha”. This research was conducted in Cikabayan greenhouse, Bogor Agricultural University, from December 2016 until May 2017. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with fertilizer as the main factor (without fertilizer, P0; AB mix; P1, and NPK + Gandasil D, P2) and growing media as sub plots, i.e. charcoal husk : soil : manure (M1), perlite: soil : manure (M1), and cocopeat : soil: manure (M3) with proportion of 2:1:1 (v/v). NPK fertilizer and foliar fertilizer Gandasil D showed the maximum plant height, number of branches, number of flowers and fruits. “Ayesha” treated with AB mix fertilizer had the largest fruit diameter whereas “Syakira” and “Ayesha” had the longest fruit under the same treatment. Ornamental chilli grown on charcoal husk and cocopeat had the maximum number of branches and flowers per plant. “Syakira” grown on charcoal husk with AB mix and NPK + Gandasil D, “Lembayung” using cocopeat with AB mix fertilizer, and “Ayesha” varieties using charcoal husk with AB mix fertilizer were the most preferred by the consumers