Autonomy and coordination: a field study

With an emerging remote and dispersed workforce that is consequently more autonomous, OD professionals will need to understand how autonomy relates to coordination to help organizations adapt and be effective. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between team member autonomy and inter-team coordination in organizations. The manager-team participants in this study spanned eleven industries, including 22 teams from 15 companies. The researcher took a mixed-method approach using interviews and surveys to assess autonomy and coordination. The research resulted in five variables: three variables measured coordination and two variables measured autonomy. Autonomy and coordination were significantly and positively correlated in one case. The other correlations were not significantly and positively correlated. The correlation implies that teams with a high percentage of independent work time and that spend little time being actively managed by their managers also coordinate on a higher volume of collaborative projects with other teams

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as lung failure with a ratio of partial pressure oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) \u3c100 (Michaels, Hill, Long, Young, Sperley, Shanks, & Morgan, 2013). ARDS is characterized by acute, widespread pulmonary inflammation due to infection (viral or bacterial), trauma, and/or inhaled toxins (Aokage, Palmer, Ichiba, & Takeda, 2015). Approximately 150,000 patients are diagnosed with ARDS each year in the U.S. with reported mortality rates varying from 20%-40% (Butt, Kurdowska, & Allen, 2016; Drahnak & Custer, 2015). The pathophysiology of acute respiratory syndrome is complex, and can result from a number of different insults. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life threatening condition that requires aggressive treatment with close monitoring. Successful treatment of ARDS requires expert knowledge from physicians, advanced practice nurses, bedside nurses, and respiratory therapists; all of whom must understand the complex underlying pathophysiology and critical nature of this condition

Using the COMMVAC taxonomy to map vaccination communication interventions in Mozambique

Improved communication about childhood vaccination is fundamental to increasing vaccine uptake in low-income countries. Mozambique, with 64% of children fully vaccinated, uses a range of communication interventions to promote uptake of childhood immunisation.; Using a taxonomy developed by the 'Communicate to Vaccinate' (COMMVAC) project, the study aims to identify and classify the existing communication interventions for vaccination in Mozambique and to find the gaps.; We used a qualitative research approach to identify the range of communication interventions used in Mozambique. In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with key purposively selected personnel at national level and relevant documents were collected and analysed. These data were complemented with observations of communication during routine vaccination and campaigns in Nampula province. We used the COMMVAC taxonomy, which organises vaccination communication intervention according to its intended purpose and the population targeted, to map both routine and campaign interventions.; We identified interventions used in campaign and routine vaccination, or in both, fitting five of the seven taxonomy purposes, with informing or educating community members predominating. We did not identify any interventions that aimed to provide support or facilitate decision-making. There were interventions for all main target groups, although fewer for health providers. Overlap occurred: for example, interventions often targeted both parents and community members.; We consider that the predominant focus on informing and educating community members is appropriate in the Mozambican context, where there is a high level of illiteracy and poor knowledge of the reasons for vaccination. We recommend increasing interventions for health providers, in particular training them in better communication for vaccination. The taxonomy was useful for identifying gaps, but needs to be more user-friendly if it is to be employed as a tool by health service managers

Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005

BACKGROUND. The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS. Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE. Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Progra

Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005

BACKGROUND The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci.

The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study of PTSD. We demonstrate SNP-based heritability estimates of 5-20%, varying by sex. Three genome-wide significant loci are identified, 2 in European and 1 in African-ancestry analyses. Analyses stratified by sex implicate 3 additional loci in men. Along with other novel genes and non-coding RNAs, a Parkinson's disease gene involved in dopamine regulation, PARK2, is associated with PTSD. Finally, we demonstrate that polygenic risk for PTSD is significantly predictive of re-experiencing symptoms in the Million Veteran Program dataset, although specific loci did not replicate. These results demonstrate the role of genetic variation in the biology of risk for PTSD and highlight the necessity of conducting sex-stratified analyses and expanding GWAS beyond European ancestry populations

Creating a new understanding of affiliation in the new age and neo-pagan new religious movements

The study of affiliation and disaffiliation from New Religious Movements has until now focused exclusively on communal groups that are in high tension with society. This study shows that in New Age and Neo-Pagan New Religious Movements, both of which are at a state of low tension with society, the process of leaving and joining these movements are radically different. Issues such as leader intervention, group pressure and community bonding do not pressure those within the religion because the religions are of such an individualized nature. Questioning the authority of the individual to seek out religious fulfillment and the challenges to find a community all influence the process of learning what each person needs from their own religion. The creation of the Internet has created a community for religious seekers that exists no where, yet gives security and support to those who wish to explore religion in privacy or those who are geographically or otherwise physically isolated. It will be argued that this changes the process of affiliation and disaffiliation in these groups into being an accepted and necessary learning process for each individual

Justice, health, health care and the politics of difference. Reflections from the demands of the social movements in Argentina

La justicia sanitaria ha sido entendida, tradicionalmente, apenas como la aplicación del modelo distributivo de la justicia social al campo de la salud. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar, a partir del enfoque de Iris Young sobre las “políticas de la diferencia”, otras nociones de justicia sanitaria, contenidas en las demandas de diferentes movimientos sociales de Argentina. En función del análisis mencionado, ha sido posible identificar cuatro nociones que, si bien presuponen aspectos vinculados con la distribución de recursos, están, sin embargo, lejos de reducirse al modelo distributivo de la justicia.Health and health care justice have commonly been understood just as the application of the distributive model of social justice to the fields of health and health care. The purpose of this article is to analyze, based on Iris Young's approach to the “politics of difference”, other notions of justice in health and health care involved in the demands of several social movements in Argentina. Based on the aforementioned analysis, it has been possible to identify four different notions. Although they presuppose aspects related to the distribution of resources, they are far from being reduced to the distributive model of social justice.Dossier: Ética, derechos humanos, migraciones y saludFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

O acesso diferenciado à cidadania na bioética feminista: Uma revisão das críticas em torno dos ideais de imparcialidade e autonomia absoluta na bioética predominante

Since the late sixties, feminist claims, alongside those of other social movements, advocating for differentiated access to citizenship have gradually displaced traditional demands for the extension of a universal citizenship without distinctions. This paper aims to explore specifically the approaches of feminist bioethics regarding differentiated access to citizenship in the fields of health and medical ethics. Through a bibliographic review within this theoretical framework, this paper reconstructs these claims from criticisms formulated by feminist bioethics against two ideals assumed by the predominant bioethical framework: impartiality and absolute autonomy. The analysis of their approaches reveals the importance of promoting, in the fields of health and medical ethics, egalitarian politics of difference based on the participatory parity of agents seen as concrete and interrelated individuals.Desde finales de la década del sesenta, las reivindicaciones feministas –y de otros movimientos sociales– por un acceso diferenciado a la ciudadanía han ido desplazando a las tradicionales demandas por la extensión de una ciudadanía universal sin distinciones. Este artículo se propone explorar, específicamente, los abordajes de la bioética feminista respecto al acceso diferenciado a la ciudadanía en los campos de la salud y de la ética médica. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica de ese marco teórico, este trabajo reconstruye esas reivindicaciones a partir de las críticas formuladas por la bioética feminista contra dos ideales asumidos por el marco bioético predominante: el de imparcialidad y el de autonomía absoluta. El análisis de sus abordajes revela la importancia de promover, en los ámbitos de la salud y de la ética médica, una política igualitaria de la diferencia basada en la paridad participativa de agentes entendidos como concretos e interrelacionados.A partir do final da década de 1960, as reivindicações feministas – e de outros movimentos sociais – por um acesso diferenciado à cidadania têm colocado em segundo plano as demandas tradicionais pela extensão de uma cidadania universal sem distinções. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar, especificamente, as abordagens da bioética feminista em relação ao acesso diferenciado à cidadania nos campos da saúde e da ética médica. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica dessa literatura, este trabalho reconstrói essas reivindicações a partir das críticas formuladas pela bioética feminista contra dois ideais assumidos pela bioética predominante: o da imparcialidade e o da autonomia absoluta. A análise dessas abordagens revela a importância de promover, nos campos da saúde e da ética médica, uma política igualitária da diferença baseada na paridade participativa de agentes entendidos como concretos e inter-relacionados

Bioética feminista y el concepto de salud mental

El surgimiento de la bioética se produce en los Estados Unidos, durante los años 70, en el contexto de las importantes transformaciones sociales y tecno-científicas que habían comenzado emerger en las dos décadas anteriores(Post, 2004). Si bien, inicialmente, el concepto había sido propuesto en referencia a la necesidad de establecer un puente entre las humanidades y las tecno-ciencias —que diera cuenta del impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la supervivencia del ecosistema en su conjunto— (Potter, 1971); pronto se limitaría su alcance a la ética de la práctica clínica. En este sentido, el campo de la bioética sería consolidado y difundido, a fines de la década del 70, a partir de los conocidos cuatro principios prima facie de la ética biomédica, propuestos por Beauchamp y Childress: respeto por la autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013). Sin embargo, una década más tarde se produciría un momento de revisión crítica (Garrafa, 2005); contexto en el que emergería la denominada bioética feminista con el fin de analizar y revertir los sesgos androcéntricos que presentaba —y continúa presentando— el marco bioético predominante (Mahowald, 1996).Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació