A note on coherent orientations for exact Lagrangian cobordisms

Let $L \subset \mathbb R \times J^1(M)$ be a spin, exact Lagrangian cobordism in the symplectization of the 1-jet space of a smooth manifold $M$. Assume that $L$ has cylindrical Legendrian ends $\Lambda_\pm \subset J^1(M)$. It is well known that the Legendrian contact homology of $\Lambda_\pm$ can be defined with integer coefficients, via a signed count of pseudo-holomorphic disks in the cotangent bundle of $M$. It is also known that this count can be lifted to a mod 2 count of pseudo-holomorphic disks in the symplectization $\mathbb R \times J^1(M)$, and that $L$ induces a morphism between the $\mathbb Z_2$-valued DGA:s of the ends $\Lambda_\pm$ in a functorial way. We prove that this hold with integer coefficients as well. The proofs are built on the technique of orienting the moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic disks using capping operators at the Reeb chords. We give an expression for how the DGA:s change if we change the capping operators.Comment: 41 pages, final version, accepted for publication in Quantum Topology. More details have been added to some of the proof

To compute orientations of Morse flow trees in Legendrian contact homology

Let $\Lambda$ be a Legendrian submanifold of the 1-jet space of a smooth manifold. Associated to $\Lambda$ there is a Legendrian invariant called Legendrian contact homology, which is defined by counting rigid pseudo-holomorphic disks of $\Lambda$. Moreover, there exists a bijective correspondence between rigid pseudo-holomorphic disks and rigid Morse flow trees of $\Lambda$, which allows us to compute the Legendrian contact homology of $\Lambda$ via Morse theory. If $\Lambda$ is spin, then the moduli space of the rigid disks can be given a coherent orientation, so that the Legendrian contact homology of $\Lambda$ can be defined with coefficients in $\mathbb Z$. In this paper we give an explicit algorithm for computing the corresponding orientation of the moduli space of rigid Morse flow trees, using the Morse theoretical framework.Comment: 31 pages, 17 figures. Several changes, in particular in Section 3 and some changes in the formulas in Section 6. Included a section with an example. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1601.0734

Orientations of Morse flow trees in Legendrian contact homology

Let $\Lambda$ be a spin Legendrian submanifold of the 1-jet space of a smooth manifold. We prove that the Legendrian contact homology of $\Lambda$ with integer coefficients can be computed using Morse flow trees.Comment: 91 pages, lots of figures. More detailed explanations of how the formulas in Section 6.4 are derived, together with some corrections. Corrected a mistake in how to interpret the orientation of the space of conformal automorphisms (Section 4, eqn 4.6 and Section 6.4.F, case f0). Some changes in Section 7, due to the already mentioned change

10403 Abstracts Collection -- Impact of Human Mobility on Communications : Measurement, Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation

From 06.10.2010 to 09.10.2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10403 ``Impact of Human Mobility on Communications : Measurement, Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation\u27\u27 was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available

In search of the Nordic

The Nordic countries are united by shared values and similar social systems. Traditionally, the cultures in the Nordic countries have been mostly homogeneous, but due to globalization and increased immigration, the Nordic countries have become increasingly culturally diverse. Does this affect how people perceive and identify with the Nordic countries? The purpose of the thesis is to describe Finnish adolescents' perceptions of the Nordic countries and how they identify with the Nordics. Furthermore, I would like to explore how a different ethnic background from Finnish influences Nordic identification. Background and contextual research consisted of theories on identity and identification and previous studies of Nordic, social and cultural identities. The thesis is a part of the research project NordId, which is part of a research network, whose aim is to explore the challenges facing the Nordic education systems. The thesis was conducted as a qualitative research project with a phenomenographic approach. The data collection was done in April 2019, and the sample consisted of 25 adolescents from an upper secondary school in Finland with broad ethnic diversity. The data, consisting of photographs and interviews, was collected through participatory photography and semi-structured group interviews. It was analysed thematically. From the results three themes emerged regarding what the adolescents considered to be Nordic: nature, welfare state, and culture and traditions. Adolescents identified with the Nordics through belonging, similarities and common traditions, and values within the three themes. Family, nationality, geography, ethnicity and language were relationships and categories that they identified through. The results showed that the adolescents with a different ethnic background from Finnish identified with the Nordic countries the same way as the Finnish do. A slight difference in what the adolescents perceived as Nordic was revealed. The most notable difference was that the adolescents with a different ethnic background emphasized the welfare society, freedom of speech and freedom of religion more explicitly and to a greater extent in the photographs and interviews. The results can promote future Nordic cooperation, by showing what the Nordic region means to young people. In addition, the results can inform the educational system of whether Nordic countries, cultures, and history are adequately taught in the curricula, based on what Finnish adolescents know about the Nordic countries.De nordiska länderna länkas samman av gemensamma värderingar och likartade samhällssystem. Traditionellt sett har kulturerna i Norden varit huvudsakligen homogena, men i takt med globalisering och ökad invandring har den kulturella mångfalden ökat. Påverkar det hur människor uppfattar och identifierar sig med Norden? Avhandlingens syfte är att undersöka finländska ungdomars uppfattningar om Norden och hur de identifierar sig med Norden. Vidare vill jag undersöka på vilket sätt en annan etnisk bakgrund än finländsk inverkar på identifikationen med Norden. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teorier med fokus på identitet och identifikation samt tidigare forskning om bland annat nordisk identifikation, social identitet och kulturell identitet. Avhandlingen är ett delprojekt av forskningsprojektet NordId som ingår i ett forskningsnätverk vars mål är att undersöka utmaningar som de nordiska utbildningssystemen står inför. Avhandlingen genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie utifrån en fenomenografiskt ansats. Materialinsamlingen skedde i april 2019 och samplet bestod av 25 ungdomar från en gymnasieklass med stor etnisk mångfald i huvudstadsregionen i Finland. Materialet, bestående av fotografier och intervjuer, samlades in genom deltagande fotografering och semi-strukturerade gruppintervjuer. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av tema-analys. Ur resultatet framträdde tre teman över vad ungdomarna ansåg att är nordiskt: natur, välfärdssamhälle samt kultur och traditioner. Ungdomarna identifierade sig med Norden genom samhörighet, likheter och gemensamma traditioner och värderingar inom de tre temana. Familj, nationalitet, geografi, etnicitet och språk var relationer och kategorier som de identifierade sig genom. Resultaten visade att ungdomarna med en annan etnisk bakgrund än finländsk identifierade sig med Norden i likhet med hur de finländska ungdomarna gjorde. Små nyanser förekom i vad ungdomarna uppfattade som nordiskt. Den mest märkbara skillnaden var att ungdomarna med en annan etnisk bakgrund framhävde i större utsträckning välfärds-samhället, yttrandefrihet och religionsfrihet mer explicit i fotografierna och intervjuerna. Resultaten kan utnyttjas till att främja det framtida nordiska samarbete, genom att visa vad Norden betyder för ungdomarna. Dessutom kan resultaten ge en indikation till skolväsendet om huruvida Norden, med kulturer och historia, får tillräckligt med plats i läroplanerna, baserat på vad finländska ungdomar vet om de nordiska länderna

Livet och döden möts

I det här arbetet har olika perspektiv på inkludering av barn som besökare på begravningsplatser undersökts. I jakten efter relaterad forskning och teorier visade det sig vara ont om just det, material kopplat till inkludering av barn som besökare på begravningsplatsen. Däremot finns en hel del studier kring närliggande områden, som acceptansen kring olika aktiviteter på begravningsplatser, förtätning i staden och behovet av gröna offentliga platser. Efter litteraturstudien genomfördes intervjuer med olika personer med koppling till begravningsplatsen; kyrkogårdschefer, kyrkoherde, landskapsarkitekt samt projektledarna för ett initiativ för att öka barns kunskapsnivå om begravningsplatser. Därefter gjordes en undersökning om hur inkluderade barn är i dag, genom några exempel. En multipel fallstudie genomfördes, med landskapsanalys av två begravningsplatser. Landskapsanalysen gjordes dels genom beskrivningar av respektive plats, dels genom poängsättning med ett verktyg som författaren tagit fram specifikt till det här arbetet. Även intervjuer gjordes med personer kopplade till respektive fall. Den sammantagna slutsatsen av arbetet är att det finns en inställning bland många att begravningsplatserna behöver göras mer inkluderande av barn som besökare. Utmaningen tycks ligga i kunskapsbrist, men också i att det saknas tillräckligt med tid att genomföra den typen av insatser. Det tycks i dag inte heller vara riktigt tydligt hos vem ansvaret ligger, men några förslag som uppkommit är att det bör ligga på begravningsverksamhet och/eller skolan, för att ge alla barn – oavsett eventuell religiös tillhörighet - möjlighet att känna sig välkomna.In this work, different perspectives on the inclusion of children as visitors in cemeteries have been explored. This was done by examining related research and theories, which revealed a lack of content on the inclusion of children in cemeteries. However, there are several studies on related topics, such as the acceptance of various activities in cemeteries, urban densification, and the need of green public spaces. After the literature review, interviews were conducted with different persons connected to cemeteries, including cemetery managers, a vicar, a landscape architect, and the project leaders of an initiative aimed to increase children's knowledge about cemeteries. Then, the work focused on examining how well children are included today, looking into a few examples. A multiple case study was carried out, involving a landscape analysis of two cemeteries, followed by scoring using a tool developed by the author, for this work, but also interviews with people associated with each case. The overall findings from the different methods indicate a willingness to include children more. Some factors seem to be problematic to make that possible, for example, who is responsible. Also, the lack of knowledge, time, and tools to achieve this. Suggestions that have come up are to put it om the cemetery service and/or the school, to give a chance for children of different religions to feel welcome

First we shape the cities, then the cities shape us

Vad kännetecknar en trivsam och människovänlig offentlig plats i stadsmiljö och hur kan torget Westlandseplein i Haag gestaltas utifrån vad som framkommer i studien? Det är frågeställningarna som undersökts i det här kandidatarbetet. En stor del av arbetets fokus ligger på att gestalta en specifik plats, torget Westlandseplein i nederländska Haag. Kommunen där upplevde att torget saknar tydliga kvaliteter ur såväl funktionella som estetiska aspekter. Genom det här kandidatarbetet får de underlag för att utveckla ytan på ett sätt som gör att de mänskliga behoven tillgodoses och att människor därmed förhoppningsvis skulle vilja vistas där i större utsträckning än i nuläget. Ett viktigt underlag för undersökningen är tidigare forskning och undersökningar om hur vi människor medvetet och omedvetet upplever stadsmiljö och varför vi väljer vissa platser hellre än andra. Det i kombination av analys och observationer på plats i Haag, har utmynnat i ett gestaltningsförslag för Westlandseplein. I gestaltningsförslaget finns en illustrationsplan, perspektiv, sektion, växtförslag och beskrivningar som tydliggör hur torget är tänkt att utformas, kopplat till de faktorer som framkommit i undersökningsprocessen.What is characteristic for a pleasant and people friendly public space in an urban environment, and how is it possible to create that through studies of how people use the public spaces of the city? That is the issue examined in this Bachelors thesis, with focus on a specific space, the square the Westlandseplein in The Hague in the Netherlands. The municipality of The Hague felt the lack of functional and esthetical qualities of the square. Through this Bachelors thesis, the municipality will get new design ideas for developing the space in a way where human needs is prioritized, and possibly people would want to be there. One important part of this thesis is recent research and investigations of how people consciously and unconsciously experience public spaces and why we tend to choose some places rather than others. That, in combination with analysis and observations on site in The Hague, have resulted in a design idea for the Westlandseplein. The design idea includes an illustration plan, axonometry, section, plant suggestions and descriptions of how the square is thought to be formed, according to the identified factors from the research process

Presence of CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes in the pituitary gland of dogs at post-mortem examination

Hypophysitis has been reported occasionally in dogs, with most cases resembling primary lymphocytic hypo-physitis in man. Although it is generally assumed that lymphocytes are not present normally in the canine pi-tuitary gland, few studies have investigated this hypothesis. However, lymphocytes are recognized in thepituitary gland of people and horses without signs of pituitary disease. It is unknown to what degree lympho-cyte infiltration of the pituitary gland might occur as an incidental finding in dogs. The aim of the present studywas to investigate the presence and distribution of lymphocytes in the pituitary gland of dogs without clinicalsuspicion of pituitary disease. Twenty dogs were subjected to routine necropsy examination. Formalin-fixedand paraffin wax-embedded sections of pituitary were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or subjectedto immunohistochemistry (IHC) using primary antibodies specific for the T-cell marker CD3 and the B-cellmarker CD79a. The number of CD3+ and CD79a+ cells per area unit (CPA) was determined for differentpituitary regions. Two dogs had extensive neoplastic lesions in the pituitary gland and were excluded fromanalysis. In the remaining 18 dogs, occasional scattered CD3+cells were found in the pituitary gland. Therewas a significant difference in CD3+CPA between pituitary regions (P¼0.001). The highest CD3+CPA wasfound in the pars tuberalis (median 41.3 cells/mm2, interquartile range 20.9e50.5 cells/mm2). In six of the 18dogs (33%), CD79a+ cells were detected in small number (median total cell number 0 cells/section, interquar-tile range 0e1.0 cells/section). This study shows that T cell, and fewer B cells, may be found in the pituitarygland of dogs without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease. Regional difference in T-cell density, with the high-est CD3+CPA in the pars tuberalis, may imply regional immunoregulatory functions in the canine pituitarygland