Related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on health belief model among teen girls in Qom City, Iran

Background Although osteoporosis is a disease of adulthood, it can start from childhood and adolescence. Lifestyle, especially physical activity, mobility, and proper nutrition during adolescence are among the important osteoporosis preventive factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among teen girls in Qom city, Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 265 tenth to twelfth grade girl students in Qom city. The participants were selected via multistage sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire based on Health Belief Model used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results The current study, knowledge and perceived self-efficacy had a significant and positive relationship with physical activity behavior (r=0.13, P 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study showed that educational interventions and programs must focus on increasing knowledge and perceived self-efficacy to enhance physical activity behavior and reduce the perceived barriers associated with osteoporosis preventive physical activity

Frequency of Class 1 Integrons among Escherichia coli Isolates of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

Background: Recent studies demonstrated an increased pattern of drug resistance in uropathogenic Escherechia coli (E. coli) which is considered as the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli causing UTIs obtained from urine samples and their relationship with integron class1. Apart from that, special emphasis was given on mediated and transferable antibiotic resistance in E. coli as well as the mobilized integrons that contribute to dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Methods and Materials: Susceptibility of isolates to 12 antibiotics was tested by the Kirby -Bauser disk diffusion method. The sensitivity was monitored by zone of inhibition according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Plasmid DNA from E. coli strains was tested for class 1 integron by PCR. Results: Rate of resistance to the 12 antibiotics is as follows: Ampicillin (89.4%), Cefotaxim (31%), Ciprofloxacin (22.4%), Aztreonam (21.7%), Ceftazidim (21.1%), Ceftriaxon (20.5%), Co-trimoxazole (19.9%), Gentamicin (15.5%), Amikacin (7.5%), Cefepim (11.8%), Nitrofurantoin (6.2) and Imipenem (1.9%). Existence of integron was confirmed in 41.9% of isolates. Significant association was evaluated by PCR between resistance to Gentamicin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ceftriaxon, Aztreonam, Ciprofloxacin and Co-trimoxazole with the existence of class 1 integrons. Conclusion: Imipenem could be used as the initial therapy for E. coli in UTIs. Similar studies are essential to determine appropriate guidelines for empirical therapy which vary by location

INTERGENERATIONAL AMBIVALENCE AMONG IRANIAN REFUGEE FAMILIES IN FINLAND

This article focuses on the process through which intergenerational ambivalence is experienced by a group of adult children and their parents with an Iranian refugee background living in Finland. This ethnographic study provides an insight into how the families' struggles to mobilize capital in different forms can contribute to their experience of intergenerational ambivalence. The study indicates that when the parents' social, economic and cultural capitals accumulated prior to migration are not accessible or valuable in Finland, they become dependent on their children's conduct. This produces a contradictory demand on the participants roles as parents and children, where they face difficulties in navigating their role expectations. The families in this study expressed a significant ambivalence in their intergenerational relationships associated with these stressful conditions.Peer reviewe

Survey on hydrogen sulfide and ammonia emissions in the air around of the stabilization ponds Mineral gases producing odors in wastewater treatment

Abstract: (344 Views) Background and aims: Odors are one of the problems of water and wastewater treatment, especially in the vicinity of residential areas. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, mineral compounds in waste water treatment plants are odorous. These gases have unfavoraitable effects on humans and the environment. Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. After field visits around the plant, the number of 12 sampling stations was determined. Sampling stations are selected in four geographical directions with regard to permanent trade winds that are zero, two and four kilo meters from the plant to Residential settlements. Sampling was performed in the morning and evening during the four seasons and 192 samples were provided. Results: Results showed that the concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas was more in warm seasons significantly and more odor caused (P=0.011, P=0.004) and the maximum emission is in the summertime. According to the results, the highest concentration of these gases was in the evening during the day. Conclusion: According to the results, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gases in all the seasons except winter is within the threshold. Concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the summer and ammonia concentrations in all the seasons were higher than US. EPA standards and World Health Organization guidelines

Pulmonary responses of rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles injected intratracheally

زمینه و هدف: نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم در سطح وسیعی در جهان کاربرد دارند. مطالعه­ی حاضر، برای ارزیابی مدت ماندگاری سمیت ریوی حاصل از نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 60 سر موش صحرایی نر در 3 گروه (هر گروه شامل 4 زیر گروه 5 سری) تقسیم شدند. حیوانات در زیر گروه­های اول، دوم و سوم هر یک از گروه­ها به ترتیب 25، 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم از نانو ذرات و در زیر گروه چهارم (گروه کنترل) هر گروه حجم برابری از نرمال سالین را به­صورت داخل نایی دریافت کردند. در روزهای 15، 30 و 45، به­ترتیب حیوانات گروه­های اول، دوم و سوم بی­هوش شدند. پس از گرفتن گراف های رادیولوژی حیوانات کشته و نمونه های خونی و بافتی جمع آوری شد. نتایج به­دست آمده از بررسی های هماتولوژی و بیوشیمیایی با آزمون آماری ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey و نتایج حاصله از مطالعات پاتولوژی و رادیولوژی نیز با استفاده از آزمون آماری Fisher exact test مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج، اختلاف معنی داری را در شمارش کلی گلبول های سفید، لنفوسیت ها، مونوسیت ها و گرانولوسیت ها و در فعالیت آنزیم های LDH و ALP را در روز 15 آزمایش نشان داد. بررسی های هیستوپاتولوژی و رادیولوژی دلالت بر پاسخ ریه ها به­صورت ضایعات آماسی وابسته به دوز مصرفی می کرد. این ضایعات بیشتر به شکل نفوذ سلول های آماسی و ضخیم شدن بافت بینابینی بود. نتیجه گیری: تحقیق حاضر پیشنهاد می کند که دوز مصرفی نقش مهمی را در سمیت ریوی بازی می کند و اثرات التهابی نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم برای زمان محدودی باقی مانده و حیوان می تواند بعد از طی یک دوره زمانی مجدداً به حالت طبیعی باز گردد

Psihoanalitičko čitanje odabranih perzijskih dječjih igrokaza

Once theatre aims at children, who are the citizens and decision makers of the future, it can influence the course of society through the values and worldviews that it promotes. The exceptional capacity of this medium in engaging the audience, along with children’s receptiveness, necessitates a meticulous study of the ideologies embedded in plays. This study unravels how these ideological factors can hamper the theatre’s main purpose which is to encourage the audience to form individual fantasies. Accordingly, Žižek’s theories are drawn upon for their hints on ideology, fantasy, reality, and subjectivity. Taking his psychoanalytic views into account, four Persian plays are examined to determine what ideologies underlie these plays’ motifs and instructions, as well as what may justify their presence in plays. On close inspection, it becomes evident that these plays are loaded with conscious manipulative ideologies which are intended to train homogeneous social members rather than present objective glimpses of real life.Jednom kad se kazalište okrene djeci, budućim građanima koji će donositi odluke, ono vrijednostima i stavovima koje promiče može utjecati na smjer razvoja društva. Izniman kapacitet toga medija u poticanju i aktivaciji publike u kombinaciji s dječjom receptivnošću, nužno upućuje na važnost detaljnoga istraživanja ideologija kojima su igrokazi prožeti. Ovaj rad otkriva kako ti ideološki čimbenici mogu ugroziti glavnu svrhu kazališta, tj. poticanje gledatelja na stvaranje svojih vlastitih zamisli. Istraživanje se oslanja na Žižekovo razumijevanje ideologije, fantastike, zbilje i subjektivnosti. Polazeći od njegovih psihoanalitičkih uvida, analiziraju se četiri perzijska igrokaza kako bi se utvrdilo koje su ideologije u temelju motiva i pouka tih djela, kao i to kako se opravdava prisutnost takvih sadržaja u dječjoj drami. Detaljno razmatranje pokazuje da su analizirani igrokazi obilježeni svjesnim manipulativnim ideologijama s namjerom odgajanja homogeniziranih članova društva umjesto posvećenosti prikazivanju objektivnih uvida u stvarni život

Recognition of Cytokeratin 18 Marker by Flow Cytometry of Nucleus Pulposus Cells in Human Intervertebral Disc and Comparison of Proliferation and Morphology of these Cells in Chitosan-Gelatin and Alginate Scaffolds.

Background: Low back pain is a major economical and social problem nowadays. Intervertebral disc herniation and central degeneration of disc are two major reasons of low back pain that occur because of structural impairment of discs. Intervertebral disc includes the annulus fibrosus, transitional region, and nucleus pulposus (NP). NP forms the central nucleus of the disc. Reduction of cell count and extracellular matrix, especially in NP, causes disc degeneration. Different scaffolds (natural and synthetic) have been used for tissue repairing and regeneration of intervertebral disc in tissue engineering. Most scaffolds have biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics and also prepare a fine condition for proliferation and migration of cells. Although no specific marker or method has been suggested for recognition of NP cells, some studies have used real time and immunocytochemical methods and reported high expression of cytokeratin 19, 18, 8, and others as markers for NP cells. This study aimed to recognize NP cells of human intervertebral disc by flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 marker. It also compared the proliferation and morphology of these cells in chitosan-gelatin scaffold and alginate scaffold. Methods: NP cells were derived by enzymatic hydrolysis of collagenase from NP tissue of patients undergoing open surgery for discectomy in Alzahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Chitosan was blended with gelatin and glutaraldehyde was used for cross linking of the two polymers. Then, alginate scaffold was prepared. After approving the NP cells by flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 marker, a cellular suspension with 4 × 105 cells was transferred to each scaffold and cultured for 21 days. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated by trypan blue and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assert the porosity and to survey the structures of the scaffolds. Findings: We can use flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 markers for recognition of NP cells. MTT assay demonstrated that cell viability on the third day had significant difference with the first day in both scaffolds. There was also a significant reduction in cellular viability from day 3 to day 21. Results of cell count showed that mean difference between cell counts in alginate scaffold was significantly more than chitosan-gelatin scaffold (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 can be used as a method for recognition of NP cells. Compared to chitosan-gelatin scaffold, alginate scaffold prepared a better condition for proliferation of NP cells. The results of this study suggested that alginate scaffold could be useful in in-vivo studies and treatment

Recognition of Cytokeratin 18 Marker by Flow Cytometry of Nucleus Pulposus Cells in Human Intervertebral Disc and Comparison of Proliferation and Morphology of these Cells in Chitosan-Gelatin and Alginate Scaffolds

Background: Low back pain is a major economical and social problem nowadays. Intervertebral disc herniation and central degeneration of disc are two major reasons of low back pain that occur because of structural impairment of discs. Intervertebral disc includes the annulus fibrosus, transitional region, and nucleus pulposus (NP). NP forms the central nucleus of the disc. Reduction of cell count and extracellular matrix, especially in NP, causes disc degeneration. Different scaffolds (natural and synthetic) have been used for tissue repairing and regeneration of intervertebral disc in tissue engineering. Most scaffolds have biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics and also prepare a fine condition for proliferation and migration of cells. Although no specific marker or method has been suggested for recognition of NP cells, some studies have used real time and immunocytochemical methods and reported high expression of cytokeratin 19, 18, 8, and others as markers for NP cells. This study aimed to recognize NP cells of human intervertebral disc by flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 marker. It also compared the proliferation and morphology of these cells in chitosan-gelatin scaffold and alginate scaffold. Methods: NP cells were derived by enzymatic hydrolysis of collagenase from NP tissue of patients undergoing open surgery for discectomy in Alzahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Chitosan was blended with gelatin and glutaraldehyde was used for cross linking of the two polymers. Then, alginate scaffold was prepared. After approving the NP cells by flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 marker, a cellular suspension with 4 × 105 cells was transferred to each scaffold and cultured for 21 days. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated by trypan blue and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assert the porosity and to survey the structures of the scaffolds. Findings: We can use flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 markers for recognition of NP cells. MTT assay demonstrated that cell viability on the third day had significant difference with the first day in both scaffolds. There was also a significant reduction in cellular viability from day 3 to day 21. Results of cell count showed that mean difference between cell counts in alginate scaffold was significantly more than chitosan-gelatin scaffold (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Flow cytometry of cytokeratin 18 can be used as a method for recognition of NP cells. Compared to chitosan-gelatin scaffold, alginate scaffold prepared a better condition for proliferation of NP cells. The results of this study suggested that alginate scaffold could be useful in in-vivo studies and treatment

Navigating affective (in)securities : forced migration and transnational family relationships

Peer reviewe