Topological Objects in Two-component Bose-Einstein Condensates

We study the topological objects in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. We compare two competing theories of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, the popular Gross-Pitaevskii theory and the recently proposed gauge theory of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate which has an induced vorticity interaction. We show that two theories produce very similar topological objects, in spite of the obvious differences in dynamics. Furthermore we show that the gauge theory of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, with the U(1) gauge symmetry, is remarkably similar to the Skyrme theory. Just like the Skyrme theory the theory admits the non-Abelian vortex, the helical vortex, and the vorticity knot. We construct the lightest knot solution in two-component Bose-Einstein condensate numerically, and discuss how the knot can be constructed in the spin-1/2 condensate of $^{87}{\rm Rb}$ atoms.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, Phys. Rev. A in pres

On a low energy bound in a class of chiral field theories with solitons

A low energy bound in a class of chiral solitonic field theories related the infrared physics of the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory is established.Comment: Plain Latex, 8 pages, no figure

Cellular and animal models of skin alterations in the autism-related ADNP syndrome

Mutations in ADNP have been recently associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. However, the clinical features of patients with this syndrome are not fully identified, and no treatment currently exists for these patients. Here, we extended the ADNP syndrome phenotype describing skin abnormalities in both a patient with ADNP syndrome and an Adnp haploinsufficient mice. The patient displayed thin dermis, hyperkeratotic lesions in periarticular areas and delayed wound healing. Patient-derived skin keratinocytes showed reduced proliferation and increased differentiation. Additionally, detection of cell cycle markers indicated that mutant cells exhibited impaired cell cycle progression. Treatment of ADNP-deficient keratinocytes with the ADNP-derived NAP peptide significantly reduced the expression of differentiation markers. Sonography and immunofluorescence staining of epidermal layers revealed that the dermis was thinner in the patient than in a healthy control. Adnp haploinsufficient mice (Adnp+/-) mimicked the human condition showing reduced dermal thickness. Intranasal administration of NAP significantly increased dermal thickness and normalized the levels of cell cycle and differentiation markers. Our observations provide a novel activity of the autism-linked ADNP in the skin that may serve to define the clinical phenotype of patients with ADNP syndrome and provide an attractive therapeutic option for skin alterations in these patients.This work was supported by grant CI14/09 from Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Valdecilla to J.L.F.-L., PI14/00900 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) to A.G., and AMN Foundation and ERA-NET Neuron to I.G. We are grateful to Ana Freije and Laura Ceballos for technical assistance at isolating skin cells, and to Profs. Carmit Levi and Chen Luxenburg and the student Chen Slonimsky for their help in the in vivo experiments. We thank Prof. Joseph Levine for his help with the analysis of the Facebook answers regarding the skin conditions in ADNP children. We also thank Isabel Garcia for her constant support and help to obtain phenotypic information of the skin of patients with ADNP syndrome