Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

A Brief Survey on Cuckoo Search Applications

ABSTRACT: Cuckoo Search (CS) is heuristic search algorithm which is inspired by the reproduction strategy of cuckoos. This paper investigates the applications of Cuckoo algorithm in various domains. The applications of Cuckoo includes optimizing weights of neural networks, parameters of Support vector machines and Radial basis function, job scheduling, finding optimal cluster head in wireless sensor networks, finding shortest path and clustering. The paper also describes the improved version of CS algorithm namely: Binary CS, Modified CS and Improved CS

Sodium Metaperiodate Oxidation of Isocarvacrol

Sodium metaperiodate oxidation of isocarvacrol 8, a monoterpene phenol has been found to give hydrothymoquinone 13, a natural product and a ring cleavage product 7-oxo-5-isopropyloct-3-en-2,5-olide 14. </jats:p

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre as well as postmenopausal women in a tertiary care center: A hospital based observational study

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities and a complex&nbsp; pre-disease&nbsp; state that predicts future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiologically it is observed that incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and more so in women once they attain menopause. Objectives: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre as well as post-menopausal women and to study the various components of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: We performed an observational study in a tertiary care teaching institute. Women attending general health checkup were selected for the study A total of 484 women were selected. 267 were in the postmenopausal group and 217 in premenopausal group. After a detailed collection of demographic data, medical, surgical, obstetrical and gynecological history, general physical and systemic examination was done. Height, weight, waist circumference were measured. BMI was calculated. Venous blood sample sent for fasting blood glucose, HDL, Triglycerides. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed when three out of five parameters were found abnormal. Results: Metabolic syndrome was seen in 158 women (32.6%). Among these women, 118 (44.19%) were postmenopausal women and 40 (18.4%) were premenopausal. Postmenopausal women are at twice the risk of developing metabolic syndrome

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre as well as postmenopausal women in a tertiary care center

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities and a complex  pre-disease  state that predicts future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiologically it is observed that incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and more so in women once they attain menopause. Objectives: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre as well as post-menopausal women and to study the various components of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: We performed an observational study in a tertiary care teaching institute. Women attending general health checkup were selected for the study A total of 484 women were selected. 267 were in the postmenopausal group and 217 in premenopausal group. After a detailed collection of demographic data, medical, surgical, obstetrical and gynecological history, general physical and systemic examination was done. Height, weight, waist circumference were measured. BMI was calculated. Venous blood sample sent for fasting blood glucose, HDL, Triglycerides. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed when three out of five parameters were found abnormal. Results: Metabolic syndrome was seen in 158 women (32.6%). Among these women, 118 (44.19%) were postmenopausal women and 40 (18.4%) were premenopausal. Postmenopausal women are at twice the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.</jats:p

Synthesis of olivacene, a constituent of <i>Archilejeunea olivacea</i>

2662-2664A simple synthesis of olivacene 1, a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbon isolated from Archilejeunea olivacea has been described

A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Methyl-3-Phenyl-, 3-Aryl- and 3-Aryl-4-Phenylcoumarins

Thermal condensation of 2′-hydroxyacetophenones 1a–e with phenylacetic acid 2a in refluxing diphenyl ether gives 4-methyl-3-phenylcoumarins 3a–e. Similarly, reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes 1f–m and 2-hydroxybenzo-phenones 1n–p with phenylacetic acids 2a–d gives the corresponding 3-arylcoumarins 3f–m and 3-aryl-4-phenylcoumarins 3n–p respectively. Formation of esters 4 and 5 and benzofuran 6 is also observed. </jats:p