7 research outputs found

    Consanguinity Marriage Increases Risk of Newborn’s Congenital Anomalies in Sulaimani City

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    Consanguineous marriage may cause the transfer of two recessive defective mechanisms, one from the mother and the other from the father, to offspring, which may cause the appearance of congenital anomalies. This study is aimed at determining the role of consanguineous marriage with congenital anomalies and their types in Sulaimani City. This is a retrospective case-control study based on hospital records. The study was conducted in Maternity Teaching Hospital of Sulaimani City from January 1 to December 31 of 2018. A record of 522 neonates (260 newborns with CA and 262 newborns with the absence of CA) were delivered from the Maternity Teaching Hospital and all private hospitals which were collected from the statistic section of the maternal and child care unit of the Preventive Health Department. The sample of neonates without congenital anomalies was collected randomly from hospital records, and stillbirth was excluded. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages, while for numeric variables mean and the standard deviation were used. Chi-square test was applied to compare categorical variables and odds ratios using STATA 12. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant if p smaller than 0.001 was reported as < 0.001. The mean age of the newborn children with CA was (1.79, SD 2.04) and for the mother’s cases was (29.59, SD 4.97). The commonest type of CA was congenital heart disease (25%); low birth weight and gender were statistically associated with types of CA (χ2 = 30.53 and p = 0.006 vs. χ2 = 45.3, p = <0.000, respectively). There was a significant correlation between parental marriage with anomalies (OR, 1.83, p = 0.001) and increase mothers age 30 years and over (OR, 2.56, p = 0.03). For eliminating this problem, there is an urgent need for educating unmarried people on the deleterious effects of consanguineous marriage, especially in Sulaimani City with high overall consanguinity rates

    A Case-Control Study for Assessing Risk Factors for Congenital Anomalies among Children in Sulaimani City

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    Congenital anomalies comprise a wide range of abnormalities in body structure or function that are present at birth and are of prenatal origin. These are defined as structural changes that have significant medical, social or cosmetic consequences for the affected individual, and typically require medical intervention. According to our Knowledge, research is scarce on these conditions in Sulaimaniyah city. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate potential risk factors for congenital anomalies. A case-control study was carried out from March to August 2017 involving 400 children (200 cases and 200 controls) aged 0-5 years. Required data were obtained on the risk factors through face to face interviews with mothers of cases and controls. The data were using descriptive statistical methods, Chi-square and Logistic Regression using STATA 11, calculating odds ratios and condensing P value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. The mean age of the children was 1.9 years and age of their mothers at the time of pregnancy was 28 years. Congenital heart anomalies were the commonest type accounting for 27.5%. Significant risk factors for congenital anomalies were family history (OR=2.24, P= 0.007), maternal obesity (OR= 2.26, P= 0.001), mothers age over 30 (OR=2.78, P= 0.002) and mothers not using folic acid during pregnancy (OR=2.12, P= 0.0007). In general, in order to control and prevent the cases of CM, it is important to provide health education and policies to reduce environmental and maternal risk factors. Further, studies with larger sample size are needed to investigate incidence and risk factors of congenital anomalies

    Prevalence and Knowledge about Genital and other Warts among Students in Sulaimani Polytechnic University: A cross-sectional study

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    Genital warts and other warts are an epidermal manifestation attributed to the epidermotropic human papillomavirus (HPV) some of which have been linked directly to an increased neoplastic risk in men and women. According to our knowledge, research is scarce and little is known about this condition in Sulaimani city. A cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st April to 30th May 2018 including 441 undergraduate students aged between 18-30 years belonging to the health and non-health colleges of Sulaimani Polytechnic University. Data were obtained on the knowledge about genital warts through self-administrated questionnaire from the students. Data were analyzed using STATA 11. The mean age of the participants was 21.3 years. Hand warts were the commonest types among participants (31%). Knowledge score ranged from 0 to 9, was not normally distributed with a median of zero (IQR 0-22), 89% of the students had very low knowledge score. Knowledge score correlated with socio-demographic parameters were significantly higher in health students (P <0.001); outside Sulaimani city (P= 0.01) and students aged 21-30 (P <0.001). In general, it is highlighting the need for communication and education among students in order to overcome the lack of knowledge about genital warts and HPV infection. It also might reflect higher health consciousness among Sulaimani university students

    Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Waterpipe Smokers in Sulaimani City/ Kurdistan Region of Iraq

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    Waterpipe smoking is a global phenomenon, particularly among youths and young adults. This practice is rising in the Middle East countries.  Waterpipe comprises many chemical toxins as cigarette smoke. Waterpipe smoking can cause several health problems. A descriptive case-series study was performed from 10th of October 2017 to 20th of December 2017 in eight waterpipe cafeterias in Sulaimani city. The current study involved 230 waterpipe smokers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. P-value ≤0.05 was used to show a level of significance. The age range of the waterpipe smokers was 16-39 years with the mean age was 24.63 years.  The age distribution was a sharp peak in the age group of 21 to 25 years, over two fifths (40.9%) of the study subjects lay in this age group. The waterpipe smoking was higher in the individuals with high education level (52.2%). Regarding the participants’ occupations, the frequency of the waterpipe smoking was higher among self-employment. Over two-thirds of participants (68.7%) were unmarried. The main motives for waterpipe smoking were life pressures, pleasurable experience, and habit (31%, 27%, and 25% respectively). The majority of participants had a good knowledge about the negative health effects of waterpipe smoking. Approximately half of the participants (48.3%) possessed waterpipe at home, over two thirds (68.3%) of subjects preferred smoking waterpipe with their friends, half of the respondents (50.0%) preferred smoking waterpipe at the cafeteria. Likewise, over half of participants (51.3%) smoked waterpipe every day. The main reason for the intention to quit waterpipe was a health concern

    Epidemiological analysis of Paramphistomum species in Ruminants in selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

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    This epidemiological study was conducted to compare the climatic conditions of four different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in terms of the prevalence of parasitic infection Paramphistomum in cows and buffaloes. A total of 2400/cows and buffaloes (200/per month and 50/per district) fecal samples were collected. The samples were examined for Paramphistomum egg contamination by direct microscopic examination and sedimentation methods. The infectivity ratio was 17.5% in cows and 17% in buffaloes; the higher rate of infection was recorded in autumn with 41% in cows and 36% in buffaloes. Whereas the lowest ratio was 6.5% in cows and 7% in buffaloes recorded during spring. It was also noted that a high rate of prevalence was recorded in older animals (higher than 2 years of age) than younger (less than 2 years of age), while gender-wise, it was observed that male animals were more affected than females. Prevalence was higher in cows in Mardan district (19.30%) followed by Nowshera (19.10%) and Swabi (17.80%) districts while lowest in Charsadda district (13.80%) where in buffaloes the higher prevalence was recorded in Swabi (18.80%) followed by Mardan (18.60%) then Charsadda (16.80%) while lowest in Nowshera (13.80%)

    Inflammation, immunity and potential target therapy of SARS-COV-2: a total scale analysis review

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    Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreading potential worldwide, which leads to high mortality regardless of lows death rates. Now some vaccines or a specific drug are approved but not available for every country for disease prevention and/or treatment. Therefore, it is a high demand to identify the known drugs and test them as a possible therapeutic approach. In this critical situation, one or more of these drugs may represent the only option to treat or reduce the severity of the disease, until some specific drugs or vaccines will be developed and/or approved for everyone in this pandemic. In this updated review, the available repurpose immunotherapeutic treatment strategies are highlighted, elucidating the crosstalk between the immune system and SARS-CoV-2. Despite the reasonable data availability, the effectiveness and safety of these drugs against SARS-CoV-2 needs further studies and validations aiming for a better clinical outcome

    Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

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    Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified
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