キョウザイ キョウジュホウ カンジ ガクシュウショ カクシュ アプローチ ノ ケントウ ３ キオクジュツ ニヨル アプローチ

漢字の学習・指導は伝統的には丸暗記や繰り返し書く方法で行われてきた。しかし，一方ではいわゆる形･音･義など個々の要素による記憶法，またはその組み合わせによりいろいろな方法が考案されてきた。そういった方法の主なものを以前7 つのタイプに分類してみたが，本稿ではその中で第3 のタイプをとりあげる。 …　　　　　 The study and teaching of kanji in Japan and abroad has traditionally relied on rote learning and repeated copying of kanji. However, to facilitate the learning of kanji, a variety of ways of memorizing them on the basis of their shape, sound or meaning have been proposed. Having previously divided the major approaches into 7 types on the basis of their characteristics, this paper examines in detail type 3 ,

Spatial transmit diversity techniques for broadband OFDM systems

Abstract — In this paper, we investigate different spatial transmit diversity concepts for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The idea is to artificially increase the frequency and time selectivity of the resulting channel transfer function at the receiver antenna by specific time-variant phase rotations of the signal at the transmit antennas. The achievable performance gains with the proposed transmit diversity concepts are presented for convolutionally coded OFDM systems in typical indoor and outdoor environments. The new concepts can be implemented in already standardized and existing OFDM systems like DAB and DVB-T or HIPERLAN/2, IEEE 802.11 and MMAC, without changing the standards and the receivers. Moreover, we show further performance improvements by combining the spatial transmit diversity concepts for OFDM with code division multiplexing (CDM). I

An Annular Plate Model in Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian Description for the DLR FlexibleBodies Library

The bending deformation of rotating annular plates and the associated vibration behaviour is important in engineering applications which range from automotive or railway brake systems to discs that form essential components in turbomachinery. In order to extend the capabilities of the DLR FlexibleBodies library for such use cases, a new Modelica class has been implemented which is based on the analytical description of an annular Kirchhoff plate. In addition the so-called Arbitray Langrangian-Eulerian (ALE) representation has been adopted so that rotating and non-rotating external loads may be applied conventiently to rotating plates. Besides these particularities the new class AnnularPlate completely corresponds to the concept of FlexibleBodies library with the two already available model classes Beam and ModalBody. This paper gives an overview on the theoretical background of the new class AnnularPlate, explains the usage and presents application examples

Analysis of Doppler spread perturbations in OFDM(A) systems

We analyze the e�ects of Doppler spread in mobile channels on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex �OFDM� systems� This is important� since channel variations during one OFDM symbol cause Inter Sub� Carrier Interference �ICI� in OFDM systems� which degrades the performance� since ICI can be seen as additional near�Gaussian noise� The analysis is presented and closed�form results are given for numerous important practical Doppler spread encountered in mobile channels and applications such as mobile reception of DVB�T� We also show that for the case of asymmetrical Doppler spreads� the frequency correction of the receiver can be adjusted so as to minimize the ICI� To extend our work to OFDM�A� mobile radio systems where many users� contributions to the ICI overlap� we have introduced the concept of an equivalent single� user which causes the total ICI� in order to use the same analytical framework� and compared the uplink and downlink cases� Simulation results con�rm our analysis and show the importance of the analytical tool to perform realistic system analysis without having to resort to time consuming time�domain simulations

On the Geographic and Cultural Determinants of Bankruptcy

This paper examines the role of geography and culture in explaining bankruptcy. We adopt survival analyses to model the bankruptcy risk of a firm, allowing for time-varying covariates. Based on a large sample from all major sectors of the Swiss economy, we find the following results: (i) The geographic location of a firm, which is characterized using a core-periphery approach, has a significant impact on its bankruptcy risk; (ii) Variables proxying for the cultural environment of a firm have significant explanatory power; (iii) The results of the previous literature on the standard determinants of bankruptcy are confirmed.bankruptcy, geography, culture, exit

Merge or Fail? The Determinants of Mergers and Bankruptcies in Switzerland, 1995-2000

This paper examines the determinants of mergers and bankruptcies, using firm level data from the Swiss Business Census and the Dun & Bradstreet exit database for Switzerland (1995-2000). Employing duration analysis, we find considerable differences in the determinants of mergers and bankruptcies, in particular with respect to firm size, location and the impact of macroeconomic conditions. Our results support the notion that mergers are often undertaken to seize growth opportunities.merger, bankruptcy, failure, survival, exit

Polaronic conductivity in the photoinduced phase of 1T-TaS2

The transient optical conductivity of photoexcited 1T-TaS2 is determined over a three-order-of-magnitude frequency range. Prompt collapse and recovery of the Mott gap is observed. However, we find important differences between this transient metallic state and that seen across the thermally-driven insulator-metal transition. Suppressed low-frequency conductivity, Fano phonon lineshapes, and a mid-infrared absorption band point to polaronic transport. This is explained by noting that the photo-induced metallic state of 1T-TaS2 is one in which the Mott gap is melted but the lattice retains its low-temperature symmetry, a regime only accessible by photo-doping.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Structural Basis of Fosmidomycin Action Revealed by the Complex with 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate Synthase (IspC): implications for the catalytic mechanism and anti-malaria drug development

2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate synthase (IspC) is the first enzyme committed to isoprenoid biosynthesis in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, which represents an alternative route to the classical mevalonate pathway. As it is present in many pathogens and plants, but not in man, this pathway has attracted considerable interest as a target for novel antibiotics and herbicides. Fosmidomycin represents a specific high-affinity inhibitor of IspC. Very recently, its anti-malaria activity in man has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Here, we present the crystal structure of Escherichia coli IspC in complex with manganese and fosmidomycin at 2.5 Å resolution. The (N-formyl-N-hydroxy)amino group provides two oxygen ligands to manganese that is present in a distorted octahedral coordination, whereas the phosphonate group is anchored in a specific pocket by numerous hydrogen bonds. Both sites are connected by a spacer of three methylene groups. The substrate molecule, 1-D-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, can be superimposed onto fosmidomycin, explaining the stereochemical course of the reaction