Additional file 2: of Global lung function initiative 2012 reference values for spirometry in Asian Americans

Figure S2. Distributions of z-FEV1, z-FVC, and z-FEV1/FVC based on GLI-2012 equations for NE Asians, SE Asians, and individuals of mixed ethnic origin against age in men. (PDF 185 kb

Additional file 1: of Global lung function initiative 2012 reference values for spirometry in Asian Americans

Figure S1. Distributions of z-scores of FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC based on GLI-2012 equations for Caucasians. (PDF 63 kb

Additional file 1 of Risk factors associated with severe adverse events in patients with relapsing polychondritis undergoing flexible bronchoscopy

Supplementary Material

Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective Study Focused on Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors Related to Death

<div><p>Background</p><p>With the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, the number of opportunistic infections has risen in patients with autoimmune diseases. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is one of these opportunistic infections that have a high mortality rate. However, only a few studies have described PCP in these patients, and these studies are limited in scope. We conducted this retrospective study to describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes of PCP in patients with autoimmune diseases.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A retrospective study was performed in laboratory diagnosed PCP patients with autoimmune diseases in an academic hospital over a 10-year period. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were not included. Clinical characteristics were collected and the factors related to death were analysed.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 69 patients with PCP during the study period were included. Common clinical features included fever (81%), cough (56%), and dyspnea (35%). Ground glass opacity (81%) and reticulation (52%) were the most common radiological findings. Concurrent pulmonary infections including bacterium, aspergillus and cytomegalovirus were found in 34% of the patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 32%. High mortality was associated with lower PaO₂/FiO₂ ratios and albumin levels. The lymphocyte count, CD4+ T cell count, previous usage of immunosuppressive agents, the duration and dose of glucocorticoids did not affect the outcome.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The mortality rate in PCP patients with autoimmune diseases is high. Low PaO₂/FiO₂ ratios and albumin levels are independent prognostic factors of mortality.</p></div

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a single-center retrospective study (a case series and literature review)

Trial inclusion flow chart. (TIFF 200 kb

Univariate analyses of risk factors among PCP patients determining survival rates.

<p>* Corticosteroids doses were expressed as the prednisolone equivalent dose</p><p>Univariate analyses of risk factors among PCP patients determining survival rates.</p

Tamoxifen-induced recombinase activity of Cre-ER^T2 in the lung tissues of SPC-Cre-ER^T2/TSC1^fx/fx transgenic mice.

<p>DNAs from the lung tissues of SPC-Cre-ER^T2/TSC1^fx/fx transgenic mice treated with vehicle or tamoxifen were examined by PCR to detect <i>TSC1</i> deletion as an indication of Cre-ER^T2 recombinase activity. M, DNA marker; +, a transgenic mouse with <i>TSC1</i> deletion; -, C57BL/6J mouse. Other lanes, offspring from F42 and F67 founders treated with vehicle (vehi) or tamoxifen (tam).</p

Clinical manifestations, Radiologic characters and laboratory findings of the patients.

<p>* Included <i>pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in three specimens, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in one specimen, <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> in one specimen</p><p>Clinical manifestations, Radiologic characters and laboratory findings of the patients.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the patients with pneumocystis pneumonia.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the patients with pneumocystis pneumonia.</p

Demographical details, underlying diseases, and diagnostic procedures of the patients.

<p>* Vasculitis: Behcet’s disease, microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis</p><p>** Other CTDs: Sjogren syndrome (SS), undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), mixed connective tissue disease, scleroderma</p><p># Immunosuppressive agents: cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, mycophenlatemofetil, and tripterygium glycosides</p><p>& Biological agents: ritaximab, and antitumor necrosis factor α(infliximab, entanercept)</p><p>Demographical details, underlying diseases, and diagnostic procedures of the patients.</p