Effects of Formulated Feed on water Quality in Fingerling Waleye Production Ponds

Six 0.04-ha plastic-lined ponds were used at the Iowa Department of Natural Resources’ Rathbun Fish Culture and Research Facility to evaluate the use of supplemental fish food on walleye (Sander vitreus) fingerling growth and survival, and on the benthic invertebrate community. Walleye were stocked 3-4 days post hatch on 2 May 2003, and harvested 5-6 June 2003. Organic fertilizer (alfalfa pellets, 112kg/ha/week) was used to increase primary production and inorganic fertilizers were added periodically to maintain a target nutrient ratio of 7:1 nitratenitrogen to total phosphorus (NO3-N: TP). Additional nutrients in the form of Lansy CW fish feed were added to three of the six ponds. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of a commercial fish diet on water quality. At the end of the culture season, there were significant differences between water chemistry parameters in the ponds; the feed treatments had higher levels of nitrogenous compounds and total phosphorus

Benthic invertebrate management in plastic-lined fish culture ponds

The use of plastic-lined ponds in place of earthen ponds for fish culture is becoming common among agencies; however limited information is available on their management. Since plastic lining significantly reduces the amount of organic sediment typically found on the bottom of culture ponds there is also a limited amount of organic substrate available to potential benthic macroinvertebrates, which are important prey for larval fish. Previous studies on plastic-lined ponds have focused on fertilization and management of zooplankton populations. Zooplankton populations are an important prey for larval fish, but as fish grow, their diet switches from zooplankton to benthic invertebrates, most commonly Diptera. Therefore, this study looked at the effects of fertilization and supplemental formulated fish feed on benthic populations and fish production at the Iowa Department of Natural Resources\u27 Rathbun Fish Culture and Research Facility, Moravia, Iowa. In both years of the study, walleye (Sander vitreus) were stocked into six 0.04-ha ponds. In 2002, effects of organic fertilization on the benthic community and fish production were determined. It was found that benthic communities were not significantly (P\u3c0.10) affected by the fertilization regimes, inorganic vs a mix of inorganic plus organic fertilizers; however ponds in the mix treatment had more organisms. At harvest, walleye in ponds in the mixed treatment were significantly longer, heavier, and had greater biomass. These results suggest that organic fertilizer is important for the benthic food base as well as growth of fingerling walleye. In 2003, effects of supplemental fish food on fingerling growth and survival, as well as the benthic invertebrate community were investigated. It was found that supplemental feed did not significantly increase the benthic invertebrate community or fish growth and survival. Furthermore, only a small portion of the walleye had consumed formulated feed at harvest; this occurred when the natural food base of the larval walleye, zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, was depressed. Therefore, for the culture of walleye fingerling in plastic-lined ponds we recommend managing for zooplankton and benthic invertebrate food base with organic fertilizers. The application of supplemental commercial feed may be useful when the natural food base is depleted

Benthic invertebrate management in plastic-lined fish culture ponds

The use of plastic-lined ponds in place of earthen ponds for fish culture is becoming common among agencies; however limited information is available on their management. Since plastic lining significantly reduces the amount of organic sediment typically found on the bottom of culture ponds there is also a limited amount of organic substrate available to potential benthic macroinvertebrates, which are important prey for larval fish. Previous studies on plastic-lined ponds have focused on fertilization and management of zooplankton populations. Zooplankton populations are an important prey for larval fish, but as fish grow, their diet switches from zooplankton to benthic invertebrates, most commonly Diptera. Therefore, this study looked at the effects of fertilization and supplemental formulated fish feed on benthic populations and fish production at the Iowa Department of Natural Resources' Rathbun Fish Culture and Research Facility, Moravia, Iowa. In both years of the study, walleye (Sander vitreus) were stocked into six 0.04-ha ponds. In 2002, effects of organic fertilization on the benthic community and fish production were determined. It was found that benthic communities were not significantly (P<0.10) affected by the fertilization regimes, inorganic vs a mix of inorganic plus organic fertilizers; however ponds in the mix treatment had more organisms. At harvest, walleye in ponds in the mixed treatment were significantly longer, heavier, and had greater biomass. These results suggest that organic fertilizer is important for the benthic food base as well as growth of fingerling walleye. In 2003, effects of supplemental fish food on fingerling growth and survival, as well as the benthic invertebrate community were investigated. It was found that supplemental feed did not significantly increase the benthic invertebrate community or fish growth and survival. Furthermore, only a small portion of the walleye had consumed formulated feed at harvest; this occurred when the natural food base of the larval walleye, zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, was depressed. Therefore, for the culture of walleye fingerling in plastic-lined ponds we recommend managing for zooplankton and benthic invertebrate food base with organic fertilizers. The application of supplemental commercial feed may be useful when the natural food base is depleted.</p

Effects of Formulated Feed on water Quality in Fingerling Waleye Production Ponds

Six 0.04-ha plastic-lined ponds were used at the Iowa Department of Natural Resources’ Rathbun Fish Culture and Research Facility to evaluate the use of supplemental fish food on walleye (Sander vitreus) fingerling growth and survival, and on the benthic invertebrate community. Walleye were stocked 3-4 days post hatch on 2 May 2003, and harvested 5-6 June 2003. Organic fertilizer (alfalfa pellets, 112kg/ha/week) was used to increase primary production and inorganic fertilizers were added periodically to maintain a target nutrient ratio of 7:1 nitratenitrogen to total phosphorus (NO3-N: TP). Additional nutrients in the form of Lansy CW fish feed were added to three of the six ponds. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of a commercial fish diet on water quality. At the end of the culture season, there were significant differences between water chemistry parameters in the ponds; the feed treatments had higher levels of nitrogenous compounds and total phosphorus.This article was published as Kaatz, S. E. and J. E. Morris. 2007. Effects of formulated feed on water quality in fingerling walleye production ponds. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies 40:29-36. Posted with permission.</p

To bleed or to clot: Stroke prevention strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter after bleeding

Background Patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) on anticoagulation (AC) for stroke prevention are at an increased risk of bleeding events. A common dilemma is deciding when to safely restart AC after bleeding. Studies have shown better outcomes with reinitiation of AC 7 days after stabilization of gastrointestinal bleeds and 4 weeks after intracranial hemorrhage. Our aim was to assess stroke prevention strategies upon discharge in patients with AF hospitalized with a bleeding event. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with AF on AC who were admitted with a bleeding event. The type of AC, form of bleeding, and CHADS2VASC were collected. Stroke prevention strategies on discharge were noted. Results Between January 2016 and August 2019, 174 patient with AF were hospitalized with a bleeding event. Nearly 10% of patients died, emphasizing the severity of this clinical situation. AC was restarted in 40% of patients upon discharge, 8.6% of patients were referred for LAA closure, and the remaining 40% were discharged without a stroke prevention strategy. CHADS2VASC did not differ among the groups. Of patients discharged on AC, 16% had a repeat bleeding episode requiring hospitalization within 30 days. Conclusion A significant portion of patients with AF hospitalized with a bleed were discharged with no definitive stroke prevention strategy. Barriers to restarting oral anticoagulation should lead to consideration of LAA closure as an alternative

New Clean Energy Communities in a Changing European Energy System (NEWCOMERS) : Deliverable D3.1 Description of polycentric settings in the partner countries

This deliverable maps the prevailing polycentric settings of six studied countries. The studied countries are the partner countries for the NEWCOMERS project, i.e. Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In this report, the countries' polycentric settings will be described in relation to the polycentric framework developed in WP 2, with specific focus on the technical system and actors. The factors in focus for the country descriptions are socio-economic conditions, technical system (electricity and heat), institutional arrangements as well as actors. Additionally, a description of energy communities in each country is presented, showing different developments in this area.The research was conducted through a desktop research. Existing literature, reports as well as statistical information were gathered and then organised according to the factors chosen.The aim in this delivery is to describe and understand the national polycentric settings as a first step to understand the emergence of new forms of energy communities. This deliverable is the basis for delivery 3.2, which will compare different polycentric national settings and delivery 3.3, which will evaluate what forms of energy communities work best in different polycentric setting and what are the potentials for learning between different polycentric settings

Standard Versus Higher Intensity Anticoagulation for Patients With Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement and Additional Risk Factors for Thromboembolism

Current guidelines recommend targeting an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5 to 3.5 for patients with mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR) and additional risk factors for thromboembolic events. Available literature supporting the higher intensity (INR) goal is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the association of standard and higher intensity anticoagulation on outcomes in this patient population. The Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative database was used to identify patients with mechanical AVR and at least one additional risk factor. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on INR goal: standard-intensity (INR goal 2.5) or higher-intensity (INR goal 3.0). Cox-proportional hazard model was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios. One hundred and forty-six patients were identified of whom 110 (75.3%) received standard-intensity anticoagulation and 36 (24.7%) received higher intensity anticoagulation. Standard-intensity patients were older and more likely to be on aspirin. Atrial fibrillation was the most common additional risk factor for inclusion. The primary outcome of thromboembolic events, bleeding, or all-cause death was 13.9 and 19.5/100-person-years in the standard-intensity and higher intensity groups, respectively (adjusted HR 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 5.18). Higher-intensity anticoagulation was significantly associated with any bleeding (adjusted HR 2.52, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 5.00) and there were few thromboembolic events across both groups (5 events total). These results challenge current guideline recommendations for anticoagulation management of mechanical AVR in patients with additional risk factors

Mind the gap: results of a multispecialty survey on coordination of care for peri-procedural anticoagulation.

To understand how physicians from various specialties perceive coordination of care when managing peri-procedural anticoagulation. Cross-sectional survey of cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and primary care physicians (PCPs) in an integrated health system (N = 251). The survey began with a vignette of a patient with atrial fibrillation co-managed by his PCP, cardiologist, and an anticoagulation clinic who must hold warfarin for a colonoscopy. Respondents\u27 experiences and opinions around responsibilities and institutional support for managing peri-procedural anticoagulation were elicited using multiple choice questions. We examined differences in responses across specialties using Chi square analysis. The response rate was 51% (n = 127). 52% were PCPs, 28% cardiologists, and 21% gastroenterologists. Nearly half (47.2%) of respondents believed that the cardiologist should be primarily responsible for managing peri-procedural anticoagulation, while fewer identified the PCP (25.2%), anticoagulation clinic (21.3%), or gastroenterologist (6.3%; p = 0.09). Respondents across specialties had significantly different approaches to deciding how to manage the clinical case presented (p \u3c 0.001). Most cardiologists (60.0%) would decide whether to offer bridging without consulting with other providers or clinical resources, while most PCPs would decide after consulting clinical resources (57.6%). Gastroenterologists would most often (46.2%) defer the decision to another provider. A majority of all three specialties agreed that their institution could do more to help manage peri-procedural anticoagulation, and there was broad support (88.1%) for anticoagulation clinics\u27 managing all aspects of peri-procedural anticoagulation. Providers across specialties agree that their institution could do more to help manage peri-procedural anticoagulation, and overwhelmingly support anticoagulation clinics\u27 taking responsibility

COVID-19 risk index (CRI): a simple and validated emergency department risk score that predicts mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation

Although certain risk factors have been associated with morbidity and mortality, validated emergency department (ED) derived risk prediction models specific to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. The objective of this study is to describe and externally validate the COVID-19 risk index (CRI). A large retrospective longitudinal cohort study was performed to analyze consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Multivariate regression using clinical data elements from the ED was used to create the CRI. The results were validated with an external cohort of 1799 patients from the MI-COVID19 database. The primary outcome was the composite of the need for mechanical ventilation or inpatient mortality, and the secondary outcome was inpatient mortality. A total of 1020 patients were included in the derivation cohort. A total of 236 (23%) patients in the derivation cohort required mechanical ventilation or died. Variables independently associated with the primary outcome were age ≥ 65 years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, initial D-dimer \u3e 1.1 µg/mL, platelet count \u3c 150 K/µL, and severity of SpO2:FiO2 ratio. The derivation cohort had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83, and 0.74 in the external validation cohort Calibration shows close adherence between the observed and expected primary outcomes within the validation cohort. The CRI is a novel disease-specific tool that assesses the risk for mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Discrimination of the score may change given continuous updates in contemporary COVID-19 management and outcomes

Up-scaling eclogitization : from experimental and natural aggregates behaviours to seismological signatures

Eclogite formation in the subducting crust was the first metamorphic transformation to be acknowledged as important in the dynamics of convergent plate boundaries. It is indeed expected to affect the mass distribution via density change, but it also influence the fluid content of crustal and possibly lithospheric wedges; both density and fluids being first order in values measured by passive geophysical imaging such as tomography of receiver functions. Recent high accuracy focal mechanism solutions showing singular signatures in deep orogens actually imply that eclogitization could also have a signature in the seismological source signals, and hence have an impact at much shorter time-scales. This presentation aims at bridging what we know from the field and the lab at smaller time and space scales, to what we observe at larger scales in collision zones. Field-based studies show the ways a pristine rock can evolve from metastable to fully eclogitized from the thin section to the kilometre scale. More than the contrast between eclogitized and non-eclogitized domains, the eclogitization front itself is expected to be detected in the geophysics, especially when driven by strain. Indeed strain-assisted eclogitization develops a characteristic shear zone network pattern with a significant anisotropy. This network itself evolves with the eclogitization progress. The observed progressive widening and increasing connectivity of eclogite-facies shear zones with increasing fluid availability could actually be controlled by the transient properties of the newly formed assemblages, inducing fluid pressure gradients for instance. In this context it appears that the competition between reaction kinetics and strain-rate is a key factor. This is also the case at shorter time scales. Experimental studies show that strain of metastable assemblages in the eclogite facies is more likely to lead to mechanical instabilities for intermediate reaction kinetics, implying again that not the eclogite but the eclogitization rate is the smoking gun. Eclogitization of plagioclase-bearing rocks is the finite result of a large set of reactions involving different chemical subsystem (Na or Ca end-members, with or without fluid available), not reacting at the same pace. Further work is therefore needed on the kinetics of the different reactions and their interactions to distinguish the one(s) that controls the eclogitization front signature, and hence improve the seismological imaging acuity