Microbial community of broadleaved forests characterized by Illumina MiSeq sequencing

As two major forest types in the subtropics, broadleaved evergreen and broadleaved deciduous forests have long interested ecologists. Here, we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing targeting 16S rRNA gene to analyze microbial communities in broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest soils of Shennongjia Mountain of Central China, a region known as “The Oriental Botanic Garden” for its extraordinarily rich biodiversity. The archived files included one OTU table generated from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, as well as the input and output files for the network analyses

Highly Stretchable Supercapacitors Enabled by Interwoven CNTs Partially Embedded in PDMS

We present flexible and stretchable supercapacitors composed of interwoven carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in polydimethyl­siloxane (PDMS) substrates. CNTs are grown using atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) on a Si/SiO₂ substrate and then partially embedded into PDMS. This unique process permits a rapid and facile integration of the interwoven CNT–PDMS structure as a flexible and stretchable supercapacitor electrode with a high level of integrity under various strains. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitors are measured in 30% KOH solution and with a poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–KOH gel electrolyte (i.e., all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor). The measured capacitance of the supercapacitor is 0.6 mF/cm² in 30% KOH solution and is 0.3 mF/cm² with a PVA–KOH gel electrolyte at a scan rate of 100 mV/s, showing a consistent performance under stretching from 0% to 200% and bending/twisting angles from 0° to 180°. The stretching test is performed for 200 cycles from 0% to 100%, after which its capacitance is attenuated by 25%. The all-solid-state stretchable supercapacitors show a stable galvanostatic performance during and after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles with its capacitance maintained

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes on Monolayer Graphene Substrates: Reduced Etching via Suppressed Catalytic Hydrogenation Using C₂H₄

In most envisioned applications, the full utilization of a graphene-carbon nanotube (CNT) construct requires maintaining the integrity of the graphene layer during the CNT growth step. In this work, we exhibit an approach toward controlled CNT growth atop graphene substrates where the reaction equilibrium between the source hydrocarbon decomposition and carbon saturation into and precipitation from the catalyst nanoparticles shifts toward CNT growth rather than graphene consumption. By utilizing C₂H₄ feedstock, we demonstrate that the low-temperature growth permissible with this gas suppresses undesirable catalytic hydrogenation and dramatically reduces the etching of the graphene layer to exhibit graphene-CNT hybrids with continuous, undamaged structures

Nanoconfinement and Salt Synergistically Suppress Crystallization in Polyethylene Oxide

Suppressing the crystallization of polyether-based solid electrolytes is a widely sought-after strategy to improve ionic conductivity. We report the effects of nanoconfinement on polyethylene oxide electrolytes. We find that neat polyethylene oxide responds to nanoconfinement by adopting a preferred orientation yet is able to crystallize even in nanoconfinement volumes with widths as small as 8 nm. However, the combination of nanoconfinement and salt addition does suppress polymer crystallization at room temperature even though either factor alone cannot. Such synergistic suppression of crystallization has implications for polymer electrolytes since amorphous rather than crystalline domains predominantly contribute to ionic conduction. Our results suggest that salts previously discounted due to their inability to suppress crystallinity in bulk materials could be made viable when combined with nanoconfinement, thereby opening new possibilities for high-performance solid polymer electrolytes

The Kirkendall Effect in Binary Alloys: Trapping Gold in Copper Oxide Nanoshells

In this work, we report on the Kirkendall-induced hollowing process occurring upon thermal oxidation of gold–copper (Au–Cu) alloy nanowires and nanodots. Contrary to elemental metals, the oxidation reaction results in the formation of gold nanostructures trapped inside hollow copper oxide nanoshells. We particularly focus on the thermally activated reshaping mechanism of the gold phase forming the core. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, we show that such a reshaping is a consequence to the reorganization of gold at the atomic level. The gold nanostructures forming the core were found to be strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the alloy and the oxidation temperature. By selecting the appropriate annealing conditions (i.e., duration, temperature), one can easily synthesize various heteronanostructures: wire-in-tube, yolk–shell, oxide nanotubes embedding or decorated by Au nanospheres. The advanced understanding of the Kirkendall effect in binary alloy nanostructures that we have achieved in this work will open a new door for the fabrication and the design of novel multifunctional heteronanostructures for potential applications in different research fields including nano-optics/photonics, biomedicine, and catalysis

Planar Arrays of Nanoporous Gold Nanowires: When Electrochemical Dealloying Meets Nanopatterning

Nanoporous materials are of great interest for various technological applications including sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering, catalysis, and biotechnology. Currently, tremendous efforts are dedicated to the development of porous one-dimensional materials to improve the properties of such class of materials. The main drawback of the synthesis approaches reported so far includes (i) the short length of the porous nanowires, which cannot reach the macroscopic scale, and (ii) the poor organization of the nanostructures obtained by the end of the synthesis process. In this work, we report for the first time on a two-step approach allowing creating highly ordered porous gold nanowire arrays with a length up to a few centimeters. This two-step approach consists of the growth of gold/copper alloy nanowires by magnetron cosputtering on a nanograted silicon substrate, serving as a physical template, followed by a selective dissolution of copper by an electrochemical anodic process in diluted sulfuric acid. We demonstrate that the pore size of the nanowires can be tailored between 6 and 21 nm by tuning the dealloying voltage between 0.2 and 0.4 V and the dealloying time within the range of 150–600 s. We further show that the initial gold content (11 to 26 atom %) and the diameter of the gold/copper alloy nanowires (135 to 250 nm) are two important parameters that must carefully be selected to precisely control the porosity of the material

Supplementary Data from N⁶-Methyladenosine Modulates Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Human Glioblastoma

Supplementary Figures and Methods</p