Guided Self-Assembly of DNA Tiles into One- and Two-Dimensional Patterns Using Strand-Displacement and Optochemical Pathways

Self-assembly is a key process in living systems to facilitate the formation of intricate structures of biomolecules with properties vital to biological functions. In engineered systems, controlling self-assembly in response to external stimuli is crucial for leveraging biomolecular behaviors for technological applications. In this study, we present two approaches to direct the linear growth and 2D self-assembly of DNA tiles. The first strategy involves using toehold-mediated strand-displacement reactions. The second approach employs a photoresponsive duplex module, which contains a tile-activator strand coupled with a complementary strand that incorporates a photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl group. Exposure to UV light triggers the cleavage of this photocleavable linker, destabilizing the duplex module and releasing the activator strand, resulting in activation of the DNA-tile assembly. This guided self-assembly in DNA-based systems demonstrates new potential in developing biosensors, molecular machines, and targeted drug delivery

Supplementary Figures S1-S5 and Legends from AMPK–ULK1-Mediated Autophagy Confers Resistance to BET Inhibitor JQ1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells

Supplementary figure S1. Differential sensitivity of human AML LSCs to JQ1. Supplementary figure S2. Relative levels of the autophagy pathway effectors LC3-II, beclin-1, and pULK1 (S555). Supplementary figure S3. Autophagy induction in KG1 and KG1a cells and effects of autophagy inhibition on JQ1-induced apoptosis in LSCs. Supplementary figure S4. JQ1-induced apoptosis through intrinsic apoptosis pathway in JQ1-sensitive LSCs. Supplementary figure S5. Diagram illustrating the potential effects of the BET inhibitor JQ1 in JQ1-resistant LSCs.</p

Supplemental Table 2 from AMPK–ULK1-Mediated Autophagy Confers Resistance to BET Inhibitor JQ1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells

Patient characteristics according to JQ1 sensitivity in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts</p

Supplemental Table 1 from AMPK–ULK1-Mediated Autophagy Confers Resistance to BET Inhibitor JQ1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells

Effects of JQ1 on phenotypes and apoptosis of primary acute myeloid leukemia stem cells from 13 patietns</p

Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior

A variety of cells are subject to mechanical stretch in vivo, which plays a critical role in the function and homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organs. Deviations from the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch are often associated with organ dysfunction and various diseases. Although mechanical stretch is provided in some in vitro cell culture models, the effects of stretch dimensionality on cells are often overlooked and it remains unclear whether and how stretch dimensionality affects cell behavior. Here we develop cell culture platforms that provide 1-D uniaxial, 2-D circumferential, or 3-D radial mechanical stretches, which recapitulate the three major types of mechanical stretches that cells experience in vivo. We investigate the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells and human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on these platforms, showing that the mechanical stretch influences cell morphology and cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions in a stretch dimensionality-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endothelial and epithelial cells are sensitive to the physiologically relevant 2-D and 3-D stretches, respectively, which could promote the formation of endothelium and epithelium. This study underscores the importance of recreating the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch in the development of in vitro tissue/organ models

Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior

A variety of cells are subject to mechanical stretch in vivo, which plays a critical role in the function and homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organs. Deviations from the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch are often associated with organ dysfunction and various diseases. Although mechanical stretch is provided in some in vitro cell culture models, the effects of stretch dimensionality on cells are often overlooked and it remains unclear whether and how stretch dimensionality affects cell behavior. Here we develop cell culture platforms that provide 1-D uniaxial, 2-D circumferential, or 3-D radial mechanical stretches, which recapitulate the three major types of mechanical stretches that cells experience in vivo. We investigate the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells and human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on these platforms, showing that the mechanical stretch influences cell morphology and cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions in a stretch dimensionality-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endothelial and epithelial cells are sensitive to the physiologically relevant 2-D and 3-D stretches, respectively, which could promote the formation of endothelium and epithelium. This study underscores the importance of recreating the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch in the development of in vitro tissue/organ models

Dimensionality-Dependent Mechanical Stretch Regulation of Cell Behavior

A variety of cells are subject to mechanical stretch in vivo, which plays a critical role in the function and homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organs. Deviations from the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch are often associated with organ dysfunction and various diseases. Although mechanical stretch is provided in some in vitro cell culture models, the effects of stretch dimensionality on cells are often overlooked and it remains unclear whether and how stretch dimensionality affects cell behavior. Here we develop cell culture platforms that provide 1-D uniaxial, 2-D circumferential, or 3-D radial mechanical stretches, which recapitulate the three major types of mechanical stretches that cells experience in vivo. We investigate the behavior of human microvascular endothelial cells and human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on these platforms, showing that the mechanical stretch influences cell morphology and cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions in a stretch dimensionality-dependent manner. Furthermore, the endothelial and epithelial cells are sensitive to the physiologically relevant 2-D and 3-D stretches, respectively, which could promote the formation of endothelium and epithelium. This study underscores the importance of recreating the physiologically relevant mechanical stretch in the development of in vitro tissue/organ models