ASR with different background sounds.

<p>An example of ASR elicited with a 100 dB SPL white noise burst in the presence of a continuous background tone of 18 kHz at 70 dB SPL (A). Normalized ASR in the presence of no background, white noise, 6 kHz, 10 kHz, 12 kHz, 18 kHz, and 26 kHz (B). ASR was significant smaller for frequency 10 kHz and above than that with white noise background. No significant difference in ASR was demonstrated in the range from 10–26 kHz background frequencies. N: no background sound; S: startle stimulus; W: white noise.</p

The threshold of auditory brainstem response as a function of tone frequency.

<p>The thresholds were significantly lower in responses to 9 kHz, 13.5 kHz and 20.25 kHz than in responses to 4 kHz, 6 kHz and 30.8 kHz (p<0.001). The difference in the thresholds for 9 kHz and 20.25 kHz tones were statistically insignificant, indicating similar hearing sensitivity between the two frequencies.</p

The percentage changes in ASR_P–P, ASR_RMS, ASR_DUR and A_LAT as the function of frequency difference (Δ<i>f</i>) when the background frequency was 10 kHz.

<p> The pattern is similar to those with an 18 kHz background frequency. The gray areas represent the corresponding areas of the standard deviation in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045123#pone-0045123-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a>.</p

Description of our integrated mouse poly(A) site database.

<p>(A). Venn diagram shows the overlaps of three sources of our poly(A) site database including PolyA_DB2, polyA-seq, and 3′ ends of UCSC Known Genes. (B). Histogram shows the distribution of the number of poly(A) site per gene in comparison with UCSC annotation alone. The poly(A) sites based on UCSC Known Gene data alone are colored in grey and our integrated poly(A) database is colored in black. (C). Scheme for probeset customization of microarray probes for APA detection. The expression values of the probesets after quantification and normalization were used for differential APA expression analysis within each experiment.</p

The genes with most frequent differential APA events.

<p>Number of experiments indicate the number of microarray experiments where the APA event shows differential expression. The biological conditions of the most relevant experiments were listed here.</p

The 10 selected RBPs showing the highest positive or negative associations with the global shift in APA.

<p>The median correlation coefficients between RBPs and gULIs across experiments are indicated within the parenthesises.</p

Ultramicroporous Carbons Derived from Semi-Cycloaliphatic Polyimide with Outstanding Adsorption Properties for H₂, CO₂, and Organic Vapors

Ultramicroporous carbons (UMC-<i>T</i>s) have been successfully prepared using nitrogen- and oxygen-rich porous semicycloaliphatic polyimide as a precursor in the presence of KOH at different carbonization temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. The evolution of porous and chemical structures of the resultant carbons in the course of carbonization as well as their effects on adsorption of H₂, CO₂, benzene, and cyclohexane are studied in detail. Compared with the porous polyimide precursor, after carbonization treatment, the products exhibit the significantly increased BET specific surface areas from 900 to 2406 m² g^–1 and create large amounts of ultramicropores with the pore size smaller than 0.5 nm, leading to outstanding adsorption capacities for CO₂ (34.0 wt %, 273 K/1 bar) and H₂ (3.7 wt %, 77 K/1 bar). Moreover, it is interesting to observe that UMC-<i>T</i>s possess extraordinarily large uptake for benzene (74.4 wt %, 298 K) and cyclohexane (64.8 wt %, 298 K) at the very low relative pressure (<i>P</i>/<i>P</i>₀ = 0.1), showing promising applications in CO₂ capture, H₂ storage, and removal of toxic organic vapors

Scheme of the workflow.

<p>We generated an integrated poly(A) database and analyzed differential expression of APAs and RBPs in publically available microarrays from GEO aiming to reveal RBP's functions in differential APA regulation. The results of our analysis were highlighted in blue color, which include APA differential expression detection and interpretation in the left panel, RBP-APA co-expression network in the middle panel, and RBP regulation models in APA by combining available CLIP data and microarray gene expression data in the right panel.</p

Highly Selective Separation of CO₂, CH₄, and C₂–C₄ Hydrocarbons in Ultramicroporous Semicycloaliphatic Polyimides

Ultramicroporous semicycloaliphatic polyimides with major pore sizes less than 0.5 nm are synthesized through imidization reaction between different aromatic tetraamines and cycloaliphatic dianhydrides. The synergistic role of abundant CO₂-philic imide rings and the molecular sieving effect of ultrasmall pores in the polyimide network bring about high adsorption selectivity of CO₂/CH₄ (37.2) and CO₂/N₂ (136.7). In addition, it is interesting to observe that, under ambient condition (298 K/1 bar), <i>n</i>-butane exhibits the highest uptake (3.15 mmol/g) among the C₁–C₄ alkanes, and the adsorbed amount significantly drops with the reduction of the number of carbon atoms. As a result, the mixed light alkanes can be effectively separated according to the carbon numbers. The separation factors of <i>n</i>-butane/propane and propane/ethane reach 3.1 and 6.5, whereas those of <i>n</i>-butane, propane, and ethane over methane are as high as 414.5, 217.4, and 19.6, respectively. Moreover, the polyimides display large adsorption capacities for 1,3-butadiene (4.64 mmol/g) and propene (2.68 mmol/g) with good selectivity over 1-butene and propane of 3.2 and 3.0, respectively. Together with the excellent thermal and physicochemical stabilities, the ultramicroporous polyimides obtained in this work show promising applications in adsorption/separation for CO₂, CH₄, and C₂–C₄ hydrocarbons

Effects of electrical stimulation of non-AI cortical area on the auditory responses of CN neuron.

<p><b>A</b>. Raster plot of typical changes in auditory responses of a CN neuron before, during and after electrical stimulation. <b>B</b>. Averaged spike numbers calculated within a 10-minute window during the observation period. <b>C</b>. Averaged response latencies calculated within a 10-minute window during the observation period. Arrowheads indicate supplementary injection of ketamine and xylazine. ES: electrical stimulation. N: no electrical stimulation.</p