Incipient Sensor Fault Diagnosis Using Moving Window Reconstruction-Based Contribution

Reconstruction-based contribution (RBC) is widely used for fault isolation and estimation in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA)-based fault detection. Correct isolation can be guaranteed by RBC for single-sensor faults with large magnitudes. However, the incipient sensor fault diagnosis problem is not well handled by traditional PCA and RBC methods. In this paper, the limitations of traditional PCA and RBC methods for incipient sensor fault diagnosis are illustrated and analyzed. Through the introduction of a moving window, a new strategy based on the PCA model is presented for incipient fault detection. Regarding incipient fault isolation and estimation, a new contribution analysis method called moving window RBC is proposed to enhance the isolation performance and estimation accuracy. Rigorous fault detectability and isolability analyses of the proposed methods are provided. In addition, effects of the window width on fault detection, isolation, and estimation are discussed. Simulation studies on a numerical example and a continuous stirred tank reactor process are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods

Formation Mechanism of High-Density, Flattened Polymer Nanolayers Adsorbed on Planar Solids

Thermal annealing is one of the most indispensable polymer fabrication processes and plays essential roles in controlling morphologies and properties of polymeric materials. We here report that thermal annealing also facilitates polymer adsorption from the melt on planar silicon (Si) substrates, resulting in the formation of a high-density polymer nanolayer with flattened chain confirmations. Three different homopolymers (polystyrene, poly­(2-vinylpyridine), and poly­(methyl methacrylate)), which have similar inherent stiffness and bulk glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g), but have different affinities with Si substrates, were chosen as models. Spin-cast films (∼50 nm in thickness) with the three polymers were prepared on cleaned Si substrates and then placed in a vacuum oven set at a temperature far above the bulk <i>T</i>_g. In order to monitor the polymer adsorption process at the solid-polymer melt interface during thermal annealing, we used the protocol that combines vitrification of the annealed films (via rapid quench to room temperature) and subsequent intensive solvent leaching (to remove nonadsorbed chains). The detailed structures of the residual films (i.e., flattened layers with 2–3 nm in thickness) were characterized by using X-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy. As a result, we found that the film thicknesses of the flattened layers for the three different polymers increase as a power-law of annealing time before reaching the “quasiequilibrium” state where the film growth is saturated. We have also revealed that the final thickness of the flattened layer at the quasiequilibrium state increases with increasing the solid-segment interaction, while the kinetics becomes more sluggish. The observed formation kinetics corresponds to a “zipping-down” process of the transient flattened chains on planar solids in order to further increase the number of solid/segment points, which is the driving force for flattening so as to overcome the conformational entropy loss in the total free energy

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, in Vitro Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibition, in Vivo Herbicidal Activity, and 3D-QSAR of New Asymmetric Aryl Disulfides

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS; EC 2.2.1.6) is an important bioactive target for the design of environmentally benign herbicides. On the basis of previous virtual screening, 50 asymmetric aryl disulfides containing [1,2,4]­triazole groups were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, HRMS, and crystal structure. Compounds <b>I-a</b>, <b>I-b</b>, and <b>I-p</b> show <i>K</i>_i values of 1.70, 4.69, and 5.57 μM, respectively, for wild type Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS (<i>At</i>AHAS) and low resistance against mutant type <i>At</i>AHAS W574L. At 100 mg L^–1 concentration, compounds <b>I-a</b>, <b>II-a</b>, and <b>II-b</b> exhibit 86.6, 81.7, and 87.5% in vivo rape root growth inhibition. CoMFA steric and electrostatic contour maps were established, and a possible binding mode was suggested from molecular docking, which provide valuable information to understand the key structural features of these disulfide compounds. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive case suggesting that asymmetric aryl disulfides are novel AHAS inhibitors

Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku 1-2 Ders slaytları

Additional file 1: File S1. Studied structures in the SAR map.zip

Cheminformatic Insight into the Differences between Terrestrial and Marine Originated Natural Products

This is a new golden age for drug discovery based on natural products derived from both marine and terrestrial sources. Herein, a straightforward but important question is “what are the major structural differences between marine natural products (MNPs) and terrestrial natural products (TNPs)?” To answer this question, we analyzed the important physicochemical properties, structural features, and drug-likeness of the two types of natural products and discussed their differences from the perspective of evolution. In general, MNPs have lower solubility and are often larger than TNPs. On average, particularly from the perspective of unique fragments and scaffolds, MNPs usually possess more long chains and large rings, especially 8- to 10-membered rings. MNPs also have more nitrogen atoms and halogens, notably bromines, and fewer oxygen atoms, suggesting that MNPs may be synthesized by more diverse biosynthetic pathways than TNPs. Analysis of the frequently occurring Murcko frameworks in MNPs and TNPS also reveals a striking difference between MNPs and TNPs. The scaffolds of the former tend to be longer and often contain ester bonds connected to 10-membered rings, while the scaffolds of the latter tend to be shorter and often bear more stable ring systems and bond types. Besides, the prediction from the naïve Bayesian drug-likeness classification model suggests that most compounds in MNPs and TNPs are drug-like, although MNPs are slightly more drug-like than TNPs. We believe that MNPs and TNPs with novel drug-like scaffolds have great potential to be drug leads or drug candidates in drug discovery campaigns

Table4_Unraveling the regulatory network of miRNA expression in Potato Y virus-infected of Nicotiana benthamiana using integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing.XLSX

Potato virus Y (PVY) disease is a global problem that causes significant damage to crop quality and yield. As traditional chemical control methods are ineffective against PVY, it is crucial to explore new control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in plant and animal defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These endogenous miRNAs act as a link between antiviral gene pathways and host immunity. Several miRNAs target plant immune genes and are involved in the virus infection process. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on healthy and PVY-infected N. benthamiana tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs using the N. benthamiana reference genome and the PVY genome. We then compared the identified differentially expressed mRNAs with the predicted target genes to uncover the complex relationships between miRNAs and their targets. This study successfully constructed a miRNA-mRNA network through the joint analysis of Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing, which unveiled potential miRNA targets and identified potential binding sites of miRNAs on the PVY genome. This miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests the involvement of miRNAs in the virus infection process.</p

Table1_Unraveling the regulatory network of miRNA expression in Potato Y virus-infected of Nicotiana benthamiana using integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing.XLSX

Potato virus Y (PVY) disease is a global problem that causes significant damage to crop quality and yield. As traditional chemical control methods are ineffective against PVY, it is crucial to explore new control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in plant and animal defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These endogenous miRNAs act as a link between antiviral gene pathways and host immunity. Several miRNAs target plant immune genes and are involved in the virus infection process. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on healthy and PVY-infected N. benthamiana tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs using the N. benthamiana reference genome and the PVY genome. We then compared the identified differentially expressed mRNAs with the predicted target genes to uncover the complex relationships between miRNAs and their targets. This study successfully constructed a miRNA-mRNA network through the joint analysis of Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing, which unveiled potential miRNA targets and identified potential binding sites of miRNAs on the PVY genome. This miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests the involvement of miRNAs in the virus infection process.</p

Image4_Unraveling the regulatory network of miRNA expression in Potato Y virus-infected of Nicotiana benthamiana using integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing.pdf

Potato virus Y (PVY) disease is a global problem that causes significant damage to crop quality and yield. As traditional chemical control methods are ineffective against PVY, it is crucial to explore new control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in plant and animal defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These endogenous miRNAs act as a link between antiviral gene pathways and host immunity. Several miRNAs target plant immune genes and are involved in the virus infection process. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on healthy and PVY-infected N. benthamiana tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs using the N. benthamiana reference genome and the PVY genome. We then compared the identified differentially expressed mRNAs with the predicted target genes to uncover the complex relationships between miRNAs and their targets. This study successfully constructed a miRNA-mRNA network through the joint analysis of Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing, which unveiled potential miRNA targets and identified potential binding sites of miRNAs on the PVY genome. This miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests the involvement of miRNAs in the virus infection process.</p

Table6_Unraveling the regulatory network of miRNA expression in Potato Y virus-infected of Nicotiana benthamiana using integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing.XLSX

Potato virus Y (PVY) disease is a global problem that causes significant damage to crop quality and yield. As traditional chemical control methods are ineffective against PVY, it is crucial to explore new control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in plant and animal defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These endogenous miRNAs act as a link between antiviral gene pathways and host immunity. Several miRNAs target plant immune genes and are involved in the virus infection process. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on healthy and PVY-infected N. benthamiana tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs using the N. benthamiana reference genome and the PVY genome. We then compared the identified differentially expressed mRNAs with the predicted target genes to uncover the complex relationships between miRNAs and their targets. This study successfully constructed a miRNA-mRNA network through the joint analysis of Small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing, which unveiled potential miRNA targets and identified potential binding sites of miRNAs on the PVY genome. This miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests the involvement of miRNAs in the virus infection process.</p

Bismuth Oxybromide with Reasonable Photocatalytic Reduction Activity under Visible Light

The original bismuth-based oxyhalide, known as the Sillén family, is an important photocatalyst due to its high photocatalytic oxidation activity. Here, we report a bismuth-based photocatalyst, Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀, with reasonable reduction activity. The photoreduction capability of Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀ in H₂ evolution from water reduction is 133.9 μmol after 40 h under visible light irradiation. Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀ presents the highest activity among Bi₂O₃, BiOBr, and Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀ in photocatalytic reduction of the Cr (VI) test, and Cr (VI) ions are totally removed in 40 min. The Mott–Schottky test shows the bottom of the conduction band fits the electric potential requirements for splitting water to H₂. First-principles calculations indicate the conduction band of Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀ mainly consists of hybridized Bi 6p and Br 4s orbitals, which may contribute to the uplifting of the conduction band