Karakteristik Flavor Beras Varietas Padi Aromatik Dari Ketinggian Lokasi Yang Berbeda

To express its optimum flavor, aromatic rice variety should be planted at a specific location. Elevation and soil types are generally considered as the main influencing factors. In this research, three sites, representing low, medium and high elevation, were used to test aromatic rice varieties for its flavor expression. The sites of research were Garut (over 1000 m above sea level/asl), Sumedang (over 500 m asl), and Subang (less then 500 m asl). The flavor components were measured using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, GCMS. The data were analyzed using principle component method. Elevation of the sites greatly affected the flavor components of Gilirang, Cimelati, and Sintanur varieties. Among the volatile compounds constituting the rice flavor, hydro carbon aromatic and aldehyde were the most influential ones. Based on the principle component analysis, there were five components contributing to the flavor, namely: butyric acid, benzaldehyde, 2-nonen-1-ol, toluene, and hepthl alcohol. The 2AP (2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline) which gives the pandanus flavor in aromatic rice, was found only from the aromatic rice variety planted at high elevation of Garut. The volatile compounds influencing the taste preference, based on hedonic test, was detected most on Cimelati rice variety as a strong flavor aroma. The general responses of panelist with regard to the aroma, showed moderate aroma to all varieties tested. But for taste, texture, and preferences, most panelists chose Sintanur variety planted at medium elevations (Sumedang)

Correlation of Environmental Factors Associated with the Incidence of Diarrhea in Under-five in Indonesia : a Community Based Total Sanitation Approach Toward Achievement Millennium Development Goals

Background: Diarrhea is a worldwide health problem, especially in the developing countries. Based on WHO (2010) that 58% of under-five deaths were caused by infectious diseases, one on it was diarrhea. Based on Ministry of Health Indonesia (2011), 8.8 million child deaths in the world was 1,3 million caused by diarrhea in 2008, and more than 98% of it occur in 68 the developing countries. In Indonesia 5% of under-five deaths were caused by diarrhea (WHO, 2010). The purpose of this research is to analyze the association between environmental factors with the incidence of diarrhea in under-five.Method: The method used in documentation was by collecting the data from the results of research studies as well as supporting the secondary data sources. The data analysis was descriptive analysis technique.Result: The research results of Eralita (2001), showed that variables had significant correlation with diarrhea were clean water facilities OR=6.610, having latrine OR=2.896, waste water sewage facilities OR=5.967, and solid waste container facilities OR=3.746. The research by Sinthamurniwaty (2006), the risk factor that influence diarrhea in under-five was who do not use clean water source (OR = 2,208). Also, the research results of Rosyidi (2011) at District Lebong, Bengkulu Province showed the variable that associated was location of septic tank OR=4.934. It strengthened by the research of Santoso (2003) in the Sukarta City, that was discovered coliform content in water sources clean. This suggests the existence of contamination by feces as a source of diarrhea disease.Conclusion: There is association between a family privy with incidence of diarrhea, this indicates that environment pollution caused by faces as the source of diarrhea

Pengaruh Bahan Pengemas Terhadap Mutu Beras Padi Aromatik Selama Penyimpanan

Research on the effect of packaging material for aromatic rice quality and its life storage was carried out. The aromatic rice varieties i.e Pandanwangi, Sintanur and Mentikwangi (each 750 kg) were dried in box dryer at 45oC for 12 hours. The dried paddy was milled at commercial milling to produce milled rice. The milled rice then were packed in high density polypropylene (HDPP), super bag and plastic sac. Factorial treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, replicated thrice. The first factor was aromatic rice varieties (Sintanur, Mentikwangi and Pandanwangi) and the second factor was packaging material (superbag, high density polypropylene (HDPP) and plastic sac). Each treatment consisted of 5-7 kg of milled rice, kept in the room condition for six months. The physical, chemical characteristic, organoleptic test, and flavor composition were observed at the beginning, the middle and the end of storage. The result showed that physical quality of rice decreased parallel with the duration of storage. The whiteness, transparency and milling degree of rice kernel decreased as the period of storage increased. The infestation of insect in storage was found at 60 days after storing (at the second month) and tended to decrease parallel with insect life cycle. The used of plastic sac as packaging was invested by insect more than those of super bag and high density polypropylene. Therefore plastic sac was not recommended for packaging of aromatic rice at room condition. Organoleptic test indicated that cooked quality of aromatic rice decreased parallel with storing time. Based on colour, aroma, taste and texture, aromatic rice should be consumed within 90 days. After 90 days, the colour, aroma, taste and texture of the cooked rice was less preferred by panelis. The uses of plastic sac to pack aromatic rice produced cooked rice less preferable than those of super bag and high density polypropylene plastic

Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Mengoptimalisasi Penanganan Pencemaran Lingkungan di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Batam

Pollution due to industrial waste occurs mostly in coastal ecosystems as well as on sea water conditions. Meanwhile, when looking at the damage that occurred in coastal areas and oceans, the damage that occurred in the form of damage to coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and coral reefs due to reclamation and pollution. This condition occurs when Batam is held by the Batam Authority. Associated with environmental pollution problems caused by the industry bring tremendous impact on people\u27s lives, because it can cause environmental damage. Therefore, it needs serious handling to overcome them. So that between government, society and the environment needed a reciprocal relationship that must always be developed to stay in a harmonious and dynamic state. Keywords: The role of government in handling Pollution in coastal area of Batam City   Pencemaran akibat limbah industri banyak terjadi pada ekosistem pesisir serta pada kondisi air laut. Sedangkan bila melihat kerusakan yang terjadi di wilayah pesisir dan lautan, kerusakan yang terjadi berupa rusaknya ekosistem pesisir seperti mangrove dan terumbu karang akibat reklamasi dan pencemaran. Kondisi ini banyak terjadi ketika Batam dipegang Otorita Batam. Terkait dengan permasalahan pencemaran lingkungan akibat industri membawa dampak yang luar biasa terhadap kehidupan masyarakat, karena bisa menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perlu penanganan yang serius untuk mengatasinya. Sehingga antara pemerintah, masyarakat dan lingkungan dibutuhkan hubungan timbal Balik yang selalu harus dikembangkan agar tetap dalam keadaan yang serasi dan dinamis. Kata kunci: Peran pemerintah dalam penanganan Pencemaran di wilayah pesisir Kota Bata

Efek Perlakuan Kimiawi Dan Hidrotermolisis Pada Biomas Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Sebagai Substrat Produksi Bioetanol

The purpose of this research was to obtain a fermentation substrate with a high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as to decrease the cellulose cystalinity. Dried corn stover was crushed to pass 40 mesh, added by Ca(OH) and water, then heated at a certain time. The experimental design was prepared using a four-factor central composite design (CCD). The results of the chemical pretreatment were treated using hydrothermolysis methods for enhancing the lignin removal and decreasing cellulose crystalinity. The suitable process condition for chemical pretreatment was achieved at the loading of 0.075 g Ca(OH) /g corn stover and 6.25 ml water/g corn stover, temperature 74.6 OC at 2 hours. After hydrothermolysis, cellulose and hemicellulose were dissolved at the percentages of 52.40 % and 31.84 % respectively, while the fraction of solid substrate had a composition of cellulose of 42.68 % and hemicellulosa of 34.68 %. The crystalinity of cellulose from the leaves, cobs, and cornhusk decreased significantly. The SEM results indicated that the surface of cell wall of corn stover had been perforated by these pretreatment processes. These pores might increase the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic corn stover

Acoustic emission based damage localization in composites structures using Bayesian identification

Acoustic emission based damage detection in composite structures is based on detection of ultra high frequency packets of acoustic waves emitted from damage sources (such as fibre breakage, fatigue fracture, amongst others) with a network of distributed sensors. This non-destructive monitoring scheme requires solving an inverse problem where the measured signals are linked back to the location of the source. This in turn enables rapid deployment of mitigative measures. The presence of significant amount of uncertainty associated with the operating conditions and measurements makes the problem of damage identification quite challenging. The uncertainties stem from the fact that the measured signals are affected by the irregular geometries, manufacturing imprecision, imperfect boundary conditions, existing damages/structural degradation, amongst others. This work aims to tackle these uncertainties within a framework of automated probabilistic damage detection. The method trains a probabilistic model of the parametrized input and output model of the acoustic emission system with experimental data to give probabilistic descriptors of damage locations. A response surface modelling the acoustic emission as a function of parametrized damage signals collected from sensors would be calibrated with a training dataset using Bayesian inference. This is used to deduce damage locations in the online monitoring phase. During online monitoring, the spatially correlated time data is utilized in conjunction with the calibrated acoustic emissions model to infer the probabilistic description of the acoustic emission source within a hierarchical Bayesian inference framework. The methodology is tested on a composite structure consisting of carbon fibre panel with stiffeners and damage source behaviour has been experimentally simulated using standard H-N sources. The methodology presented in this study would be applicable in the current form to structural damage detection under varying operational loads and would be investigated in future studies

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN BANTUL, JOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

An epidemiological investigation of DHF outbreak was done from November to Desember 1976 in Bantul, which is an agricultural district located 25 kilometers south east Jogjakarta, Central Jawa. One hundred and twenty six cases were studied and 97 or 73% were confirmed as dengue infecti­on, the case fatality rate was 3.1%. The median age was 7 years and male to female ratio was 1:1.8. Clinically the observed cases ranged in severity from undifferentiated fever to shock and death. Dengue type, 1, 3 and 4 were isolated but dengue 3 was the predominant virus with 60% (27) isolates. Dengue type 1 and 4 were isolated also in equal numbers. Both A. Aegypti and A. albopictus showed a diversity of breeding habitats. While A. aegypti preferred the large cement tans and A. Albopictus cut bamboo stumps, there was considerable overlapping many breeding sites were shared by the 2 species