Family-based association results between DN-associated SNPs and advanced nephropathy (normoalbuminuria vs. proteinuria/ESRD) among diabetic family members.

#<p>Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the FBAT analysis.</p><p>S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each allele.</p><p>Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each allele.</p><p>Z score: positive values indicate risk alleles (i.e., increased transmission to affected individuals), negative values indicate protective alleles (i.e., reduced transmission to affected individuals).</p>*<p>Risk allele reported in <i>Pezzolesi et al</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060301#pone.0060301-Pezzolesi2" target="_blank">[18]</a></p

Family-based association results between DN-associated SNPs and nephropathy (normoalbuminuria vs. high microalbuminuria/proteinuria/ESRD) among diabetic family members.

#<p>Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the FBAT analysis.</p><p>S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each allele.</p><p>Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each allele.</p><p>Z score: positive values indicate risk alleles (i.e., increased transmission to affected individuals), negative values indicate protective alleles (i.e., reduced transmission to affected individuals).</p><p>Associations achieving nominal significance (<i>P</i>-value<0.05) are indicated in bold.</p>*<p>Risk allele reported in <i>Pezzolesi et al</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060301#pone.0060301-Pezzolesi2" target="_blank">[18]</a></p

Family-based association analysis between DN-associated SNPs and logACR among diabetic family members.

<p># Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the FBAT analysis.</p><p>S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each allele.</p><p>Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each allele.</p><p>Z score: positive values indicate risk alleles, negative values indicate protective alleles.</p>*<p>Risk allele reported in <i>Pezzolesi et al</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060301#pone.0060301-Pezzolesi2" target="_blank">[18]</a></p

Family-based association results between DN-associated SNPs and ESRD among diabetic family members.

#<p>Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the FBAT analysis.</p><p>S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each allele.</p><p>Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each allele.</p><p>Z score: positive values indicate risk alleles (i.e., increased transmission to affected individuals), negative values indicate protective alleles (i.e., reduced transmission to affected individuals).</p>*<p>Risk allele reported in <i>Pezzolesi et al</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060301#pone.0060301-Pezzolesi2" target="_blank">[18]</a></p

Summary of the relative pairs in the 66 families from the Joslin Study of Genetics of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Family Collection according to diabetes and nephropathy status.

<p>Advanced DN  =  diabetic individuals with proteinuria or ESRD; DN  =  diabetic individuals with high microalbuminuria, proteinuria, or ESRD.</p

Family-based haplotype analysis between chromosome 9q21.32^* haplotypes and advanced nephropathy (normoalbuminuria vs. proteinuria/ESRD) and nephropathy (normoalbuminuria vs. high microalbuminuria/proteinuria/ESRD) among diabetic family members.

*<p>9q21.32 haplotypes: rs1888747, rs1929547, and rs10868025.</p><p>Haplotypes with estimated frequencies ≥0.01 are provided and were used to calculate global <i>P</i>-values.</p>#<p>Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the HBAT analysis; a minimum of 5 informative families for each haplotype was required to compute global tests.</p><p>S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each haplotype.</p><p>Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each haplotype.</p><p>Z score: positive values indicate risk haplotypes, negative values indicate protective haplotypes.</p><p>Associations achieving nominal significance (<i>P</i>-value<0.05) are indicated in bold.</p

Family-based haplotype analysis between chromosome 9q21.32^* haplotypes and logACR among diabetic family members.

*<p>9q21.32 haplotypes: rs1888747, rs1929547, and rs10868025.</p><p>Haplotypes with estimated frequencies ≥0.01 are provided and were used to calculate global <i>P</i>-values.</p>#<p>Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the HBAT analysis; a minimum of 5 informative families for each haplotype was required to compute global tests.</p><p>S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each haplotype.</p><p>Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each haplotype.</p><p>Z score: positive values indicate risk haplotypes, negative values indicate protective haplotypes.</p><p>Associations achieving nominal significance (<i>P</i>-value<0.05) are indicated in bold.</p

Clinical characteristics of 798 examined members from 66 families from the Joslin Study of Genetics of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Family Collection.

<p>Baseline clinical characteristics are presented as mean values ± standard deviation.</p><p>HbA_1c, glycosylated hemoglobin. ESRD, end-stage renal disease.</p>*<p>ESRD patients were assigned ACR values of 3500 µg/mg.</p>†<p>High microalbuminuria was defined as an ACR between 100 and 300 µg/mg.</p>‡<p>ESRD status was updated for members of this collection through the United States Renal Data System as of August 2008.</p

Descriptive summaries of groups obtained by k-means cluster analysis of the first four principal components of ancestry for individuals of self-identified Hispanic origin from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

<p>Results are shown an unrelated subset of 1,374 unrelated individuals from the MESA Hispanic cohort. Groups are labeled (“CSAmer”, “Dominican/Cuba”, “Mexico” and “Puerto Rico”) based on overall representation of self-identified country/region of origin within each cluster.</p

Proportion of ancestry estimates averaged within each Hispanic country/region of origin, from model-based clustering analysis of 1,374 unrelated MESA individuals in ADMIXTURE with K = 3, 4, and 5.

<p>Inferred ancestral populations from ADMIXTURE analysis are labeled based on putative assignments (<i>e.g.</i> Caucasian, African or Native American), as interpreted by the authors.</p