Forprosjekt Individualisering av lagidrett

Sogndal Fotball (SF) ønskjer å systematisere talentutvikling ved faktainnsamling og forsking av korleis den einskilde kan utvikle seg i eit lagspel. Høgskulen i Sogn og Fjordane (HiSF) ønskjer å satse meir på fotballforsking. SF og HiSF har mål om at dei innan ein femårsperiode skal stå fram som dei fremste nasjonalt innan fotballforsking og talentutvikling .Målet skal nåast gjennom eit samspel der SF skal syte for teknologisk tilrettelegging og testing, tilgjengelegheit av utøvarar og ressurspersonar. HiSF skal saman med SF definere fagområder medan HiSF skal syte for forskinga på området, og gjennom databruk, studentoppgåver, forsking og undervisning, vise retningar som kan utvikle fotballtalenta. Hovudmål med forprosjektet er å definere Fagområde, teknologi og organisasjon ein bør satse på for i løpet av fem år og vera fremst nasjonalt innan fotballforsking og talentutvikling

Cross sectional analysis of the association between mode of school transportation and physical fitness in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in relation to travel mode to school in children and adolescents. METHOD: Children and adolescents from 40 elementary schools and 23 high schools representing all regions in Norway were invited to participate in the study. Anthropometry, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness were tested at the school location. Questionnaires were used in order to register mode of transport to school, age, gender and levels of leisure time physical activity. RESULTS: A total of 1694 (i.e. 60% of all invited participants) children and adolescents at a mean age of 9.6 and 15.6 respectively (SD = 0.4 for both groups) were analyzed for associations with physical fitness variables. Males cycling to school had lower sum of skin folds than adolescents walking to school. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and male cyclists compared to walkers and passive commuters were observed. Among children, cycling and walking to school, higher isometric muscle endurance in the back extensors compared to passive commuters was observed. CONCLUSION: Based on this national representative cross-sectional examination of randomly selected children and adolescents there is evidence that active commuting, especially cycling, is associated with a favourable body composition and better cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness as compared to passive commuting

Forprosjekt Individualisering av lagidrett

Sogndal Fotball (SF) ønskjer å systematisere talentutvikling ved faktainnsamling og forsking av korleis den einskilde kan utvikle seg i eit lagspel. Høgskulen i Sogn og Fjordane (HiSF) ønskjer å satse meir på fotballforsking. SF og HiSF har mål om at dei innan ein femårsperiode skal stå fram som dei fremste nasjonalt innan fotballforsking og talentutvikling .Målet skal nåast gjennom eit samspel der SF skal syte for teknologisk tilrettelegging og testing, tilgjengelegheit av utøvarar og ressurspersonar. HiSF skal saman med SF definere fagområder medan HiSF skal syte for forskinga på området, og gjennom databruk, studentoppgåver, forsking og undervisning, vise retningar som kan utvikle fotballtalenta. Hovudmål med forprosjektet er å definere Fagområde, teknologi og organisasjon ein bør satse på for i løpet av fem år og vera fremst nasjonalt innan fotballforsking og talentutvikling

Effect modification by cardiorespiratory fitness on the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in youth: A systematic review

I Brage finner du siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.tandfonline.com / In Brage you'll find the final text version of the article, and it may contain insignificant differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at www.tandfonline.comPhysical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, but the interplay between these variables in relation to the cardiometabolic risk profile is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine whether the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health differs by levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE, filtered from 2001 up until July 2019. We obtained 8980 citations, with 6915 remaining after removal of duplicates. Estimates were retrieved from 18 studies. All included articles went through a risk of bias assessment. We found that 14 out of 20 (70%) effect-estimates supported stronger associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic health markers among low-fit youth as compared to their high-fit peers. The most consistent findings were observed with biochemical markers and blood pressure as outcomes. However, substantial uncertainty is associated with these findings as most of the included studies (~72%) had a high risk of bias. More than two-thirds of the findings supported greatest benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic risk markers in youth with low cardiorespiratory fitness, although the clinical importance of this difference is unclear.acceptedVersionInstitutt for idretsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicin

Aerobic fitness thresholds to define poor cardiometabolic health in children and youth

I Brage finner du siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på wiley.com / In Brage you'll find the final text version of the article, and it may contain insignificant differences from the journal's pdf version. The definitive version is available at wiley.comAerobic fitness is an apparent candidate for screening children and youth for poor cardiometabolic health and future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, age‐ and sex‐specific cut points for children and youth determined using a maximal protocol and directly measured peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) does not exist. We used a nationally representative sample of 1462 Norwegian children and youth (788 boys and 674 girls aged 8.7–10.4 years and 14.7–16.7 years) who in 2005–2006 performed a maximal cycle ergometer test with direct measurement of VO2peak, along with measurement of several other risk factors for CVD (systolic blood pressure, waist circumference:height ratio, total:high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance). Based on the proportion of children having clustering (least favorable quartile) of 6 (1.6%), ≥ 5 (5.2%), and ≥ 4 (10.6%) CVD risk factors, we established the 2nd, 5th, and 10th percentile cut points for VO2peak (ml/kg/min) for children and youth aged 8–18 years. Classification accuracy was determined using the Kappa coefficient (k), sensitivity and specificity. For boys, the 2nd, 5th, and 10th percentile VO2peak cut points were 33.6–36.4, 36.3–39.8, and 38.7–43.0 ml/kg/min, respectively. For girls, the corresponding cut points were 29.7–29.1, 32.4–31.4, and 34.8–33.5 ml/kg/min, respectively. Together with BMI, but without more invasive measures of traditional risk factors for CVD, these cut points can be used to screen schoolchildren for poor cardiometabolic health with moderate discriminating ability (k ≤ 0.53).publishedVersionSeksjon for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicin

Are self-report measures able to define individuals as physically active or inactive?

© 2016 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Purpose: Assess the agreement between commonly used self-report methods compared with objectively measured physical activity (PA) in defining the prevalence of individuals compliant with PA recommendations. Methods: Time spent in moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured at two time points in 1713 healthy individuals from nine European countries using individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing. Participants also completed the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ), short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and short European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Physical Activity Questionnaire (EPIC-PAQ). Individuals were categorized as active (e.g., reporting Q150 min of MVPA per week) or inactive, based on the information derived from the different measures. Sensitivity and specificity analyses and Kappa statistics were performed to evaluate the ability of the three PA questionnaires to correctly categorize individuals as active or inactive. Results: Prevalence estimates of being sufficiently active varied significantly (P for all G0.001) between self-report measures (IPAQ 84.2% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 82.5–85.9], RPAQ 87.6% [95% CI, 85.9–89.1], EPIC-PAQ 39.9% [95% CI, 37.5–42.1] and objective measure 48.5% [95% CI, 41.6–50.9]. All self-report methods showed low or moderate sensitivity (IPAQ 20.0%, RPAQ 18.7%, and EPIC-PAQ 69.8%) to correctly classify inactive people and the agreement between objective and self-reported PA was low (W = 0.07 [95% CI, 0.02–0.12], 0.12 [95% CI, 0.06–0.18], and 0.19 [95% CI, 0.13–0.24] for IPAQ, RPAQ, and EPIC-PAQ, respectively). Conclusions: The modest agreement between self-reported and objectively measured PA suggests that population levels of PA derived from self-report should be interpreted cautiously. Implementation of objective measures in large-scale cohort studies and surveillance systems is recommended.Seksjon for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicin

Serum adiponectin levels and cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight and overweight Portuguese adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study

Purpose: This study examined the independent associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and circulating adiponectin concentration in adolescents, controlling for several potential covariates. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in Portuguese adolescents. A sample of 529 (267 girls) aged 12-18 years were included and categorized as overweight and nonoverweight. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by 20 meters shuttle run test. We measured serum adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, insulin and HDL-cholesterol. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, socioeconomic status, body fat percentage, insulin resistance, HDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein, regression analysis showed a significant inverse association between adiponectin and cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight participants (B=-0.359; p \u3c .042). Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between the highest cardiorespiratory fitness Healthy zone (above healthy zone) and the Under and the Healthy cardiorespiratory fitness zones in nonoverweight adolescents (p = .03) (F (2, 339) = 3.156, p \u3c .001). Conclusion: Paradoxically, serum adiponectin levels are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight, but not in overweight adolescents. In nonoverweight adolescents, those with highest levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (above healthy zone) presented lower levels of adiponectin compared with those in Under and Healthy cardiorespiratory fitness zones

Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Sogn og Fjordane

Background: Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane. Methods: In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. Results: There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0 min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55-year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women. Conclusions: These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane

Device-measured sedentary time in Norwegian children and adolescents in the era of ubiquitous internet access: secular changes between 2005, 2011 and 2018

Background: Access to screen-based media has been revolutionized during the past two decades. How this has affected sedentary time (ST) accumulation in children is poorly understood. Methods: This study, based on the Physical Activity among Norwegian Children Study (PANCS), uses accelerometer data from population-based samples of 9- and 15‐year-olds, collected in 2005 (n = 1722), 2011 (n = 1587) and 2018 (n = 1859). Secular changes between surveys were analysed using random-effects linear regression models adjusted for survey-specific factors. Data on ST were collected using hip-worn ActiGraphs and ST was defined using a threshold equivalent to <100 counts/min. Sedentary bouts were grouped by duration: <1, 1–5, 5–15, 15–30 and ≥30 min. Results: Between 2005 and 2018, ST increased by 29 min/day in 9-year-old boys (95% CI: 19, 39; P <0.001), by 21 min/day in 15-year-old boys (95% CI: 8, 34; P = 0.002) and by 22 min/day in 15-year-old girls (95% CI: 10, 35; P <0.001), but not in 9-year-old girls at 6 min/day (95% CI: -3, 16; P = 0.191). All age-sex groups accumulated less ST in bouts lasting <5 min and more ST in longer bouts, particularly in 5–15-min bouts. Adolescent girls also increased ST accumulation in 15–30-min and ≥30-min bouts. Changes were largely mirrored before, during and after school on weekdays and during weekend days. Conclusions: Coinciding with the introduction of smartphones, tablets and near-universal internet access, total daily ST and ST accumulated in prolonged sedentary bouts increased between 2005 and 2018 in children and adolescents.Device-measured sedentary time in Norwegian children and adolescents in the era of ubiquitous internet access: secular changes between 2005, 2011 and 2018publishedVersionPaid Open Acces