Multivariable analysis of predictors of excess mortality using Poisson regression.

<p>Reference categories – a. First year of follow up; b. Female. c. Non-Indigenous d. Age group 15-44 years. e. Charlson comorbidity index = 0; f. Non-severe sepsis patients; g. Non-bacteraemic patients.</p><p>Multivariable analysis of predictors of excess mortality using Poisson regression.</p

Five-year relative survival (with 95% confidence interval) by age group, sex and Indigenous status.

<p>Five-year relative survival (with 95% confidence interval) by age group, sex and Indigenous status.</p

Demographics, comorbidities, characteristics of infection and disease severity in those who died compared with those who were alive at the end of follow up.

<p>Data are given as n(%) unless stated otherwise.</p><p>Parameters are grouped according to PIRO classification <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112224#pone.0112224-Rubulotta1" target="_blank">[39]</a>.</p>a<p>P-value comparing those alive at end of follow up period compared with those who were not.</p>b<p>Mean (SD).</p>c<p>Data were not available for all patients regarding alcohol use and smoking.</p>d<p>Median (IQR).</p><p>Demographics, comorbidities, characteristics of infection and disease severity in those who died compared with those who were alive at the end of follow up.</p

Long Term Outcomes Following Hospital Admission for Sepsis Using Relative Survival Analysis: A Prospective Cohort Study of 1,092 Patients with 5 Year Follow Up - Figure 1

<p>a. Kaplan-Meier crude survival estimates by age group for all sepsis patients (n = 1,028). b. Kaplan-Meier crude survival estimates by age group for severe sepsis patients (n = 228).</p

Interval specific relative survival by age category (severe sepsis patients).

<p>Interval specific relative survival by age category (severe sepsis patients).</p

A Novel Clinical Grading Scale to Guide the Management of Crusted Scabies

<div><p>Background</p><p>Crusted scabies, or hyperinfestation with <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i>, occurs in people with an inadequate immune response to the mite. In recent decades, data have emerged suggesting that treatment of crusted scabies with oral ivermectin combined with topical agents leads to lower mortality, but there are no generally accepted tools for describing disease severity. Here, we describe a clinical grading scale for crusted scabies and its utility in real world practice.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>In 2002, Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), a hospital in tropical Australia developed and began using a clinical grading scale to guide the treatment of crusted scabies. We conducted a retrospective observational study including all episodes of admission to RDH for crusted scabies during the period October 2002–December 2010 inclusive. Patients who were managed according to the grading scale were compared with those in whom the scale was not used at the time of admission but was calculated retrospectively. There were 49 admissions in 30 patients during the study period, of which 49 (100%) were in Indigenous Australians, 29 (59%) were male and the median age was 44.1 years. According to the grading scale, 8 (16%) episodes were mild, 24 (49%) were moderate, and 17 (35%) were severe. Readmission within the study period was significantly more likely with increasing disease severity, with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 12.8 (1.3–130) for severe disease compared with mild. The patients managed according to the grading scale (29 episodes) did not differ from those who were not (20 episodes), but they received fewer doses of ivermectin and had a shorter length of stay (11 vs. 16 days, p = 0.02). Despite this the outcomes were no different, with no deaths in either group and a similar readmission rate.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Our grading scale is a useful tool for the assessment and management of crusted scabies.</p></div

Demographics and comorbidities.

a<p>Median [IQR].</p

Grading scale, disease severity, and outcomes.

a<p>n(%).</p>b<p>Highest plasma C-reactive protein during the hospital admission (median [IQR]).</p>c<p>Lowest serum albumin value during the hospital admission (median [IQR]).</p>d<p>P value for moderate and severe combined, compared with mild, except where indicated.</p>e<p>Median [IQR].</p>f<p>P value based on Kruskall Wallis test comparing the three groups.</p

Severity grading scale for crusted scabies.

<p>Severity grading scale for crusted scabies.</p

Baseline clinical characteristics of participants.

<p>*For difference between all 3 groups by one way analysis of variance.</p><p>†Mean (95% confidence interval).</p><p>‡Median (interquartile range).</p