Loaded Question: Examining Loadable Kernel Modules under the General Public License v2

This Article examines the intersection of Linux loadable kernel modules and the license under which Linux is distributed, the General Public License (GPL) Version 2. Section I of this Article discusses ambiguous terms contained within the GPL and various interpretations of these ambiguities. Next, Section II analyzes the changing scope of legal protection for computer software, particularly as it pertains to derivative works and as applied to loadable kernel modules. Section III highlights provisions contained within the GPL that may attempt to reach beyond a traditional works analysis and examines these provisions in light of recent developments at the intersection of contract law and intellectual property licensing

Does Eating a Meal before Testing Alter the Percent Body Fat Measurement Determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis?

Please view abstract in the attached PDF file

The Noble Snare: A Collection of Works Exposing and Progressing the Performance Capabilities of the Unaccompanied Snare Drum

The Noble Snare is a collection of solos for unaccompanied snare drum that were commissioned and edited by Sylvia Smith, editor and owner of Smith Publications. Smith Publications is a publishing house that specializes in 20th century American music, with a particular emphasis on music for percussion. Smith released four volumes of solo compositions for the snare drum: Volume I (1988), Volume II (1988), Volume III (1990) and Volume IV (1990). When completed, the collection considerably advanced the size and quality of the genre of the snare drum solo. The solos that emerged from the commissioning project reflect a great deal of experimentation and creativity from leading classical composers. In a few short years the project literally created a repertoire for an important instrument that had received relatively little attention up to that point in the history of music. Upon initiating this project, Smith’s stated goal was to create a collection of significant pieces that would “elevate the snare drum to the status of a solo concert instrument.” Smith had two criteria for choosing composers for the collection: composers who could bring a new perspective to the snare drum as a serious solo concert instrument and composers who could contribute to the project through stylistic diversity. In 2014, a second edition of the complete collection was published. At that time, Smith says that a new printing order of the collection was imminent; and since there would be a new printing, she decided it would be nice to “get some new blood” in the collection. The new edition includes the addition of ten new solos and the removal of eight solos from the original edition. This performance dissertation consists of three recitals comprised entirely of snare drum solos drawn from the second edition of The Noble Snare series. The goal of this project is to display the diversity of experimentation and approach to snare drum composition that was revealed by The Noble Snare through the work of its participating composers. It is my hope that this dissertation will demonstrate the importance of this collection of solos both from a historical perspective and for the creation of a repertoire for this instrument

Does a Physical Education Bout Alter Percent Body Fat and the Adiposity Health Risk Classification When Using Leg-to-leg Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Girls?

Purpose: The purposes of this investigation were to determine: 1) whether a structured in-school physical education exercise bout altered percent body fat (%BF) determined by leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA); and 2) whether the potential exercise-induced %BF magnitude of change altered the health risk classification of the child. Methods: Seventy-six girls (age: 12.2 ± 1.0 yr; height: 153.9 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 51.9 ± 15.5 kg; BMI: 21.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2) participated in this investigation. LBIA measured %BF values were obtained immediately before and within five minutes after completing a structured, in-school, physical education class. Results: Significant reductions (p \u3c 0.0001) in mean %BF (25.0 ± 10.2 vs. 24.4 ± 10.3 %) were observed for the group following the physical education class. For the majority of the girls (88%), the %BF alteration was less than ± 2.0 %BF. More specifically, the %BF magnitude of change was ± 1.0 %BF in 64.5% of the girls, between 1.1 and 2.0 %BF in 23.7% of the girls, and by more than 2.0 %BF in 11.8% of the girls. Regardless of the %BF magnitude of change, all girls remained in the same adiposity classification category (healthy vs. unhealthy body fat) following exercise. Conclusion: Adhering to the pre-test exercise guideline appears unnecessary when using LBIA to categorize the health risk of an adolescent girl

The Relationship between Aerobic Capacity and Bone Health in Young Women

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 56-63, 2016. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and bone health in young women. Eighty-three participants (age=21.0±2.2 years; BMI=22.4±3.0 kg/m2) reported for testing on two occasions separated by 48 hours. During visit 1 body composition assessment via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and during visit 2, a VO2max test performed on a motorized treadmill. Weak correlations were found between absolute VO2max (L/min) and whole-body bone mineral density (WB-BMD: r=0.24, p=0.031) and whole-body bone mineral content (WB-BMC: r=0.37, p\u3c0.001). No relation between variables were observed when VO2max was expressed relative to body mass (mL/kg/min). Moderate correlations were observed between bone variables and body mass (WB-BMD: r=0.36, p\u3c0.001; WB-BMC: r=0.62, p\u3c0.001), fat-free mass (WB-BMD: r=0.45, p\u3c0.001; WB-BMC: r=0.54, p\u3c0.001), and fat mass (WB-BMD: r=0.31, p=0.004; WB-BMC: r=0.60, p\u3c0.001). Body mass, regardless of composition, was a stronger predictor of bone health than aerobic capacity in this sample of young women

Evaluation of Hand-to-Hand Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Estimating Percent Body Fat in Young Adults

Purposes were to (a) to examine the validity and precision of a hand-to-hand bioelectrical impedance analyzer (HBIA) and (b) to determine the effect of an acute sub-maximal aerobic exercise bout on HBIA percent body fat (%BF) measures. Forty-one young adults (21 women; 20 men) visited the laboratory for body composition assessment on two separate occasions. During the control session, %BF was assessed by HBIA twice, before and immediately after 30 min of rest, and once by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), using the BOD POD, which was considered the criterion method for comparison. During the exercise session, HBIA %BF measurements were determined prior-to and immediately after 30 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. HBIA significantly underestimated %BF in the total sample (mean difference (MD) = 1.4 ± 4.3%) and, when examined by gender, in the women (MD = 2.4 ± 4.1%). The standard errors of estimate (range 4.1-4.3%) also exceeded the recommended range for accuracy (\u3c3.5%). Following exercise, there was minimal, but statistically significant reduction in HBIA-measured %BF pre- to post-exercise for the total sample (19.6 ± 6.0 vs. 19.3 ± 6.0%; p = 0.011). HBIA underestimated %BF when compared to ADP and the individual prediction error exceeded current recommendations when assessing young adults. In addition, performing sub-maximal aerobic exercise prior to the assessment decreased the %BF estimate. When one factors the exercise-induced alterations with the currently observed tendency for HBIA to underestimate %BF, it is apparent that exercise may further reduce the accuracy of this method

Slavic Dialectology: A Survey of Research since 1989

The last 25 years in Slavic dialectology mark the period not only of JSL’s founding but also of major and multiple political, social, and economic reorganizations in predominantly Slavic-speaking states. During this period research institutions and their priorities and projects have both continued and changed; technological innovation has meant moving towards electronic dissemination, “digital humanities,” and innovative modes of presenting research data and findings. In some cases major works (e.g., dialect atlases) have advanced during this period. Moreover, a new generation of scholars has had greater opportunities for mobility and therefore exposure to a variety of linguistic frameworks and approaches, which has fostered cross-border collaboration in the field. The present essay gives an overview of progress made on dialect projects both created institutionally and individually and including both traditional (book, article) and new digital means of dissemination

The impact of body composition on energy expenditure during walking and running in young adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of body composition on energy expenditure (EE) of 164 young adults during a 1-mile walk and a 1-mile run on a treadmill. Segmental bioimpedance was used to measure body composition variables. The EE in men (108.3 ± 17.6 kcal) was greater than (P \u3c 0.05) women (80.3 ± 10.6 kcal) during the 1-mile walk, and the difference increased in magnitude during the 1-mile run (144.9 ± 23.2 kcal vs. 105.1 ± 14.9 kcal, respectively). When EE was expressed per unit of body mass, men and women were similar. However, women had a higher EE per unit of fat-free mass (FFM). Regardless of gender, running 1-mile resulted in a greater EE than walking 1-mile. In addition, men expended more absolute calories than women due to a higher body mass. When EE was examined relative to FFM, women were found to be less economical than men, which was most likely due to carrying larger amounts of inactive adipose tissue