Developing a draft learning progression framework for ESOL in New Zealand schools

Early in 2003 we were commissioned to produce a draft Learning Progression Framework (LPF) for ESOL in the New Zealand curriculum. The draft Framework was completed in June 2003 and entered the consultation round. In producing the draft Framework, we had to address a range of issues. Some these related to user expectations. Others concerned the relationship between the draft Framework and documents such as English in the New Zealand Curriculum, existing curriculum documents relating to other languages, and ESOL frameworks available in other countries. These issues proved to be critical. This paper explores some of these issues and introduces the draft Framework

X-Ray Microtomography of A Sulphide Rich Pallasite

The application of X-ray microtomography to the sulphide rich main group pallasite Hambleton is dicussed as an attempt to further understand pallasite genesis. X-ray microtomography is an under utilized technique for the study of diverse samples such as pallasites. The three-dimensional textures observed in Hambleton may be explained by introduction of a large sulphide volume under pressure into a metal-olivine mixture with metal approaching solidus temperature

The Role-Based Performance Scale: Validity Analysis of a Theory-Based Measure

This study introduces a theory-based measure of employee performance (Role Based Performance Scale, RBPS) that is supported with results from a validation study using 10 data sets from six companies. In contrast to traditional, job-related measures of employee performance, we propose an alternative measure of performance based on role theory and identity theory. Because our results support the validity of the scale, we think that the instrument can be used for future research that requires a generalizable measure of performance. The scale demonstrates diagnostic properties that make it useful for practitioners as well as researchers

Effects of Selection Systems on Job Search Decisions

On the basis of Gilliland\u27s (1993) model of selection system fairness, the present study investigated the relationships between selection procedures, perceived selection system fairness, and job search decisions in both hypothetical and actual organizations. We conducted two studies to test the model. In Study 1, we used an experimental method to examine job seekers\u27 perceptions of, and reactions to, five widely used selection procedures. Results suggested that applicants viewed employment interviews and cognitive ability tests as more job related than biographical inventories (biodata), personality tests, and drug tests, and that job relatedness significantly affected fairness perceptions, which in turn affected job search decisions. Study 2 examined the hypothesized relationships between the selection systems and job seekers\u27 pursuit of actual, relevant organizations. Results from both studies offer support for the hypothesized model, suggesting that selection tests have differential effects on perceived selection system validity and fairness, which affect subsequent job search decisions

Are any oral iron formulations better tolerated than ferrous sulfate?

Ferrous salt preparations (ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate) are equally tolerable. (Grade of recommendation: A, based on randomized controlled trial.) Controlled-release iron preparations cause less nausea and epigastric pain than conventional ferrous sulfate (grade of recommendation: A, based on randomized controlled trials), although the discontinuation rates between the 2 iron formulations were similar. Ferrous sulfate remains the standard first-line treatment of iron-deficiency anemia given its general tolerability, effectiveness, and low cost

Does surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome improve outcomes?

Good evidence supports the use of surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome over nonsurgical therapies such as wrist splints, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy, occupational therapy, local steroid injections, work modification, and oral vitamin B6 (Grade of Recommendation: A, based on extrapolation from a systematic review of 1 randomized controlled trial [RCT], 1 additional recent RCT, and 2 cohort studies). Surgery is likely worth the extra costs when conservative therapy (up to 3 months) fails to improve symptoms and return of function, because delayed surgery is as successful as surgery performed shortly after diagnosis. Closed endoscopic release and open release surgery are equally effective therapies for controlling symptoms (Grade of Recommendation: C, based on extrapolation from a systematic review of RCTs). However, whether endoscopic release results in more rapid regain of function and return to work is unclear

Does a low-salt diet reduce morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure?

No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have addressed the independent role of sodium restriction in the morbidity or mortality of congestive heart failure. However, current guidelines recommend sodium restriction for secondary prevention of congestive heart failure exacerbation.(Grade of recommendation: D.) Clinical trials of multifactorial, nondrug interventions have shown an association of sodium restriction with reduced morbidity and improved quality of life in some populations with congestive heart failure.(Grade of recommendation: C.