Isoproterenol induced artery dilation was independent of KOR or ERK signaling.

<p>Effects of isoproterenol (10 nM, 1 µM) on pial artery diameter before (baseline) and after HI did not change significantly in the presence and absence of various interventions, compared to baseline p>0.05. N = 5 in each group. Percentage change =  (diameter after isoproterenol−diameter before isoproterenol)/diameter before isoproterenol)*100; SA: Salvinorin A; Norbin: norbinaltorphimine.</p

Effects of post HI salvinorin A administration on pial artery dilation to hypotension.

<p>HI with DMSO damaged dilation of pial artery to hypotension. SA administrated at onset and 30 min after HI preserved the dilations of pial artery to moderate and severe hypotension, which were blunted by co-administration of norbinaltorphimine (Norbin). Percentage change =  (diameter after hypotension–diameter before hypotension)/diameter before hypotension)*100. N = 5 in each group. SA: Salvinorin A. Moderate: 25% decrease of mean blood pressure. Severe: 45% decrease of mean blood pressure.</p

Salvinorin A administration blocked the elevated CSF ERK activity observed 1 h after HI.

<p>The ration of pERK/ERK at 1 hour after HI in the control groups (n = 10, DMSO and nor-BIN groups) increased significantly compared with the baseline. The baseline for all the groups are pulled together (n = 20) and the data from DMSO and nor-BIN groups were pulled together and presented as DMSO+Norbin (n = 10) to increase the power of the statistical analysis because of some large variances were observed. The elevated ERK activities were abolished in the groups with salvinorin A administrated immediately (n = 5) or 30 min (n = 5) after HI. Norbin: norbinaltorphimine; SA: Salvinorin A.</p

Effects of post HI salvinorin A administration on pial artery dilation to hypercapnia.

<p>HI with DMSO impaired dilation of pial artery to hypercapnia. SA administrated at onset and 30 min after HI preserved the dilation of pial artery to moderate and severe hypercapnia, which were blunted by norbinaltorphimine (Norbin). N = 5 in each group. Percentage change =  (diameter after hypercapnia−diameter before hypercapnia)/diameter before hypercapnia)*100. SA: Salvinorin A; Moderate: hypercapnia with PaCO₂ of 50 to 60 mmHg; Severe: hypercapnia with PaCO₂ of 70 to 80 mmHg.</p

DataSheet1_Quasi-freestanding AA-stacked bilayer graphene induced by calcium intercalation of the graphene-silicon carbide interface.pdf

We study quasi-freestanding bilayer graphene on silicon carbide intercalated by calcium. The intercalation, and subsequent changes to the system, were investigated by low-energy electron diffraction, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density-functional theory (DFT). Calcium is found to intercalate only at the graphene-SiC interface, completely displacing the hydrogen terminating SiC. As a consequence, the system becomes highly n-doped. Comparison to DFT calculations shows that the band dispersion, as determined by ARPES, deviates from the band structure expected for Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. Instead, the electronic structure closely matches AA-stacked bilayer graphene on calcium-terminated SiC, indicating a spontaneous transition from AB- to AA-stacked bilayer graphene following calcium intercalation of the underlying graphene-SiC interface.</p