Additional file 1 of The need to study rural cancer outcome disparities at the local level: a retrospective cohort study in Kansas and Missouri

Additional file 1. Supplementary Material

Apoptosis gene array of the prostate tumor specimen obtained from two patients with prostate cancer, one who consumed isoflavones and one who took the placebo.

<p>The figure shows the ratio of the gene to GAPDH.</p

Baseline Characteristics of Participants.

<p>Baseline characteristics were compared using t-tests for continuous variables after checking normality assumptions and Fisher’s Exact test for categorical variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. PSA = prostate-specific antigen; BMI = Body Mass Index.</p>1<p>Clinical stage based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria.</p

Short-Term Soy Isoflavone Intervention in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>We describe the effects of soy isoflavone consumption on prostate specific antigen (PSA), hormone levels, total cholesterol, and apoptosis in men with localized prostate cancer.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effect of soy isoflavone capsules (80 mg/d of total isoflavones, 51 mg/d aglucon units) on serum and tissue biomarkers in patients with localized prostate cancer. Eighty-six men were randomized to treatment with isoflavones (n = 42) or placebo (n = 44) for up to six weeks prior to scheduled prostatectomy. We performed microarray analysis using a targeted cell cycle regulation and apoptosis gene chip (GEArrayTM). Changes in serum total testosterone, free testosterone, total estrogen, estradiol, PSA, and total cholesterol were analyzed at baseline, mid-point, and at the time of radical prostatectomy. In this preliminary analysis, 12 genes involved in cell cycle control and 9 genes involved in apoptosis were down-regulated in the treatment tumor tissues versus the placebo control. Changes in serum total testosterone, free testosterone, total estrogen, estradiol, PSA, and total cholesterol in the isoflavone-treated group compared to men receiving placebo were not statistically significant.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>These data suggest that short-term intake of soy isoflavones did not affect serum hormone levels, total cholesterol, or PSA.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00255125?term=NCT00255125&rank=1" target="_blank">NCT00255125</a></p></div

Prostate Specific Antigen, Serum hormones, and Total Cholesterol in men with prostate cancer who consumed isoflavones or placebo for up to 6 weeks.

<p>Data are means<u>+</u>SD. Analysis of covariance model was used to compare groups adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome. <i>P</i><0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p>Every patient had a maximum of 3 observations for each endpoint but the time of observation varied across patients due to the varied scheduling of the patients’ prostate cancer treatments.</p

Participant Flow Diagram.

<p>Participant Flow Diagram.</p

Cell cycle gene array of the prostate tumor specimen obtained from two patients with prostate cancer, one who consumed isoflavones and one who took the placebo.

<p>The figure shows the ratio of the gene to GAPDH.</p