Sample data from trench sediments and rocks

The data of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids in sediments and rocks of the Mariana and Yap Trench, northwest Pacific Ocean.</p

Image_1_New insights into the role of macrophages in cancer immunotherapy.jpeg

Macrophages are the main component of the tumor microenvironment, which are differentiated from monocytes in the blood and play an important role in cancer development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to anti–programmed death receptor 1 therapy by regulating programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and interacting with other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, when activated properly, macrophages can also play an anti-tumor role by enhancing the phagocytosis and cytotoxicity of tumor cells. TAM is associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance in patients treated with immunotherapy, indicating that macrophages are attractive targets for combined therapy in cancer treatment. Combination of targeting TAMs and immunotherapy overcomes the drug resistance and achieved excellent results in some cancers, which may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment in the future. Herein, we review the recent findings on the role of macrophages in tumor development, metastasis, and immunotherapy. We focus mainly on macrophage≥centered therapy, including strategies to deplete and reprogram TAMs, which represent the potential targets for improving tumor immunotherapy efficacy.</p

Linking Microbial Community Structure to S, N and Fe Biogeochemical Cycling in the Hot Springs at the Tengchong Geothermal Fields, Southwest China

Sediment and water samples collected from one acidic and three alkaline high temperature hot springs at the Tengchong terrestrial geothermal field, Southwest China, were examined using mineralogical, geochemical, and molecular biological techniques. The mineralogical and geochemical analyses suggested that these hot springs contained relatively high concentrations of S, Fe and N chemical species. Specifically, the acidic water was rich in Fe2+, SO42− and NH4+, while the alkaline waters were high in NO3−, H2S and S2O3−. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed their bacterial communities were dominated by phyla Aquificae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococci-Thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Thermodesulfobacteria, while the archaeal clone libraries were dominated by orders Desulfurococcales, Sulfolobales, and Thermoproteales. Potential S-, N- and Fe-metabolizing prokaryotes were present at a relatively high proportion, but with large differences in the diversity and metabolic functions of each sample. These findings provide implications for uncovering microbial functions in elemental biogeochemical cycles within the Tengchong geothermal environments: i). the distinct differences in abundance and diversity of microbial communities in geothermal sediments were related to different in situ physicochemical conditions; ii). the S-, N- and Fe-related prokaryotes would take advantage of the strong chemical disequilibria in the hot springs; and iii). in return, their metabolic activities could promote the transformation of the S, Fe and N chemical species, thereby forming the basis of biogeochemical cycles in the terrestrial geothermal environments.</p

DataSheet1_PD-L1 aptamer-functionalized degradable hafnium oxide nanoparticles for near infrared-II diagnostic imaging and radiosensitization.DOCX

Immune checkpoint blockade is now recognized as a paradigm-shifting cancer therapeutic strategy, whereas there remains difficulty in accurately predicting immunotherapy efficacy by PD-L1 expression. In addition, radiotherapy for cancer patients faces the problem of insufficient dose of radiotherapy at the tumor site while which have been not tolerated by normal tissues. In this study, we created PD-L1 aptamer-anchored spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with a shell made of PD-L1 aptamer and indocyanine green (ICG) embedded in a mesoporous hafnium oxide nanoparticle core (Hf@ICG-Apt). Upon low pH irradiation in the tumor sites, the nano-system enabled the release of ICG in the high PD-L1 expression tumor to develop a high tumor-to-background ratio of 7.97 ± 0.76 and enhanced the ICG tumor retention to more than 48 h. Moreover, Hf@ICG-Apt improved radiation therapy (RT) when combined with radiation. Notably, Hf@ICG-Apt showed scarcely any systemic toxicity in vivo. Overall, this research offered a novel approach for applying reliable monitoring of PD-L1 expression and localization and robust RT sensitization against cancer with good biosafety.</p

Er³⁺-Sensitized Upconversion/Down-Shifting Luminescence in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Photoluminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as optical materials with excellent properties, of which the lanthanide-doped MOFs are able to emit in a broad region from visible to near-infrared due to their unique 4f-orbital electronic structure. Herein, Er3+ and Y3+ ions are selected as the metal centers of the MOFs and Er3+ is used as a sensitizer to absorb 980 nm excitation light. At the same time, Er3+ ions also act as activators that emit upconverting visible light and down-shifting near-infrared light. In addition, Tm3+, Ho3+, and Eu3+ ions were individually doped into the Er3+-doped MOFs to investigate the variation of energy-transfer paths in the presence of different lanthanide activators. Finally, the pathway of energy transfer in these Er3+-sensitized luminescent-MOFs was summarized. This work provides new insights for further development of both upconversion and down-shifting luminescence of MOFs

Additional file 1 of CSE triggers ferroptosis via SIRT4-mediated GNPAT deacetylation in the pathogenesis of COPD

Supplementary Material

Data_Sheet_2_Follow-Ups on Persistent Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Among Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.docx

Objective: As the number of recovering COVID-19 patients increases worldwide, the persistence of symptoms and signs through the post-acute phase indicates an urgent need for prolonged follow-up care. To explore existing data about post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, this meta-analysis assesses the prevalence of persistent manifestations in multiple systems and abnormalities in lung function, as well as their related risks in patients with various severities.Methods: Articles about discharged COVID-19 patients (published from January 1, 2020 to February 23, 2021) were obtained by searching four databases. Cohort studies with follow-up periods >1 month post-discharge or >2 months post-admission were included.Results: A total of 4,478 COVID-19 patients from 16 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Fatigue or weakness (47%) were the most prevalent physical effects of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, while psychosocial (28%) symptoms were the most common manifestations among several systems. Abnormalities in lung function of recovering patients, i.e., DLCO Conclusions: Our research indicates that patients recovering from COVID-19 manifest long-term, multi-system symptoms, and the adverse effects on psychosocial health and lung functions were the most extensive and persistent. These findings together may facilitate much needed in-depth study of clinical treatments for long-term, post-acute phase symptoms that affect a great number of recovering COVID-19 patients.</p

Image_1_Comprehensive Analysis and Summary of the Value of Immunophenotypes of Mature NK Cell Tumors for Differential Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis.tif

BackgroundFew studies have been performed to comprehensively analyze and summarize the immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of mature NK cell tumors, and there is often overlap between tumorigenic and reactive NK cell phenotypes. Furthermore, the impact of different phenotypes on patient prognosis has rarely been reported.MethodsThe degree of expression of extracellular and intracellular markers of NK cells in each group was compared by FCM, and the differences in expression of various markers among different disease groups and their impact on prognosis have been analyzed and summarized.ResultsCompared with normal NK cells, tumor cells of ANKL and ENKTL had characteristics of being more activated and progressive with larger FSC, in contrast to NK-CLPD and RNKL. Differential diagnoses with RNKL, ANKL, and ENKTL have broader FCM clues. In contrast, the phenotypes of NK-CLPD and RNKL are not significantly different, and consistent phenotypic abnormalities require ongoing monitoring to confirm malignant clones. The sensitivity of differentiating malignant NK cells from reactive NK cells by KIRs alone was poor. The clustering results showed that CD5, CD16, CD56, CD57, CD94, CD45RA, CD45RO, HLA-DR, KIRs, Granzyme B, Perforin and Ki-67 were differentially distributed in the expression of three NK cell tumors and reactive NK cell hyperplasia, so a comprehensive judgment using a wide range of antibody combinations is required in disease staging diagnosis. The tumor cell loads in BM and PB were also compared, and there was a clear correlation between the two. Moreover, the sensitivity of PB for monitoring tumor cells was up to 87.10%, suggesting that PB could be used as an alternative to BM for the diagnosis and screening of NK cell tumors. Analysis of the phenotypic impact of ENKTL patients on prognosis showed that those with CD7 and CD45RO expression had a poor prognosis, while those with positive KIRs had a better prognosis.ConclusionThis study systematically characterized the FCM of mature NK cell tumors, emphasizing the importance and clinical value of accurate immunophenotyping in diagnosing, classifying, determining prognosis, and guiding treatment of the disease.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Follow-Ups on Persistent Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Among Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.docx

Objective: As the number of recovering COVID-19 patients increases worldwide, the persistence of symptoms and signs through the post-acute phase indicates an urgent need for prolonged follow-up care. To explore existing data about post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, this meta-analysis assesses the prevalence of persistent manifestations in multiple systems and abnormalities in lung function, as well as their related risks in patients with various severities.Methods: Articles about discharged COVID-19 patients (published from January 1, 2020 to February 23, 2021) were obtained by searching four databases. Cohort studies with follow-up periods >1 month post-discharge or >2 months post-admission were included.Results: A total of 4,478 COVID-19 patients from 16 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Fatigue or weakness (47%) were the most prevalent physical effects of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, while psychosocial (28%) symptoms were the most common manifestations among several systems. Abnormalities in lung function of recovering patients, i.e., DLCO Conclusions: Our research indicates that patients recovering from COVID-19 manifest long-term, multi-system symptoms, and the adverse effects on psychosocial health and lung functions were the most extensive and persistent. These findings together may facilitate much needed in-depth study of clinical treatments for long-term, post-acute phase symptoms that affect a great number of recovering COVID-19 patients.</p

Composite Warp-Knitted Textile with Wet–Thermal Comfort, Support, and Antimicrobial Activity for Personal Long-Term Healthcare

Moisture management materials, which can remove liquid unidirectionally, have excellent potential for long-term healthcare of bedridden patients because they can handle large amounts of body fluids caused by incontinence, sweating, etc. However, their lack of support, thermal management, and antibacterial properties limits their clinical application. Here, a three-dimensional thermoplastic polyurethane/warp-knitted spacer fabric/viscose fabric (TWVF) was designed and prepared by coating and needle-punching. TWVF had asymmetrical wettability and interpenetrating fiber pin arrays, which could quickly and unidirectionally drain body fluid away from the skin to keep the skin dry and clean. Meanwhile, the low thermal conductivity of TWVF prevented excessive cooling caused by heat loss of liquid transfer (body temperature was 4.7 °C higher than that with cotton textiles). TWVF exhibited excellent permeability, a low compression modulus (0.03 MPa), and a high compression strength (0.15 MPa), providing sufficient air exchange and suitable support for the body and reducing the risk of pressure injury. Moreover, the incorporated aloin endowed TWVF with excellent antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus (99.61%) and Escherichia coli (98.16%), respectively. This multifunctional textile is simple to prepare and easy to industrialize, providing a reference for the development of functional healthcare materials