Application of RetCamⅡ in the screening of neonatal fundus disease

AIM: To investigate the safe and reliable examination method for neonatal fundus screening.<p>METHODS: Fundus information of 2 836 neonates performed by RetCamⅡ in our hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, including 1 625 cases(57.30%)of premature infants which were first examined 1-4 weeks after birth and 1 211 cases(42.70%)of term infants which were first examined within 4 weeks after birth.<p>RESULTS: Totally 454 cases of abnormalfundus were found, including 207 cases(12.74%)of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), ROPⅠ in 118 cases(57%), ROPⅡ in 58 cases(28.02%), ROPⅢ in 23 cases(11.11%), ROPⅣ in 8 cases(3.86%), no case of ROPV. A total of 247(20.40%)term infants had abnormal fundus, of which 68 cases(27.53%)were developmental or hereditary disease, retinoblastoma in 1 case(0.40%), retinal hemorrhage in 102 cases(41.30%), retinal exudative changes in 68 cases(27.53%), optic atrophy in 5 cases(2.02%)and optic disc edema in 3 cases(1.21%).<p>CONCLUSION: Neonatal fundus diseases were so various and harmful that early screening should be attended to. Premature infants and term infants with high risk are treated as focus group of fundus screening and RetCamII examination is safe and effective

Clinical efficacy of visual function training in the late stage of ametropic amblyopia treatment

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of visual function training in the late stage of ametropic amblyopia treatment. METHODS: One hundred and twenty two children patients and 244 eyes with ametropic amblyopia, which were ranged from January 2016 to December 2016, were enrolled in the prospective case control study. Patient inclusion criteria: spherical power≤ ±3.00D, absolute value of astigmatism(hereinafter referred to as the degree of astigmatism)≥2.00D, binocular spherical lens difference ≤1.50D, binocular cylinder difference ≤1.00D. All patients received preliminary treatment. After routine optometry and amblyopia treatment, visual acuity in amblyopic eyes improved to more than 0.6 and visual acuity difference between two eyes should be less than 2 lines in visual chart testing. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned into a training group(62 cases 124 eyes)and a control group(60 cases 120 eyes). All patients had routine glasses with a combination of both family and clinic training. Treatments in the control group included: amblyopia training instrument(light brush, red flash and grating etc.)and fine stimulation training through computer software. In addition to similar treatments in control group, patients in training group also received following treatments including monocular adjustment function training, binocular adjustment function training, binocular integration and fusion function training. After 6mo, visual acuity, near stereopsis, adjustment amplitude, adjustment sensitivity and adjustment response tests were compared and statistically analyzed in patients of both control and training groups. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that the overall visual acuity was significantly improved in training group(PPCONCLUSION: Binocular visual function training has a certain effect in the improvement of successful cure rate, shortening treatment course and establishing a sound stereo vision function in the late stage of children patients receiving a comprehensive therapy

Synthesis and applications of porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres

© 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry. Nowadays the development of submicroscale products of specific size and morphology that feature a high surface area to volume ratio, well-developed and accessible porosity for adsorbates and reactants, and are non-toxic, biocompatible, thermally stable and suitable as synergetic supports for precious metal catalysts is of great importance for many advanced applications. Complex porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres constitute an important class of materials that fulfill all these qualities and in addition, they are relatively easy to synthesize. This review presents a comprehensive appraisal of the methods used for the synthesis of a wide range of porous non-silica metal oxide particles of spherical morphology such as porous solid spheres, core-shell and yolk-shell particles as well as single-shell and multi-shell particles. In particular, hydrothermal and low temperature solution precipitation methods, which both include various structure developing strategies such as hard templating, soft templating, hydrolysis, or those taking advantage of Ostwald ripening and the Kirkendall effect, are reviewed. In addition, a critical assessment of the effects of different experimental parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, calcination, pH and the type of reactants and solvents on the structure of the final products is presented. Finally, the practical usefulness of complex porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres in sensing, catalysis, biomedical, environmental and energy-related applications is presented

Curative effect of vision therapy on children with functional visual loss

AIM: To observe the curative effect of vision therapy on children with functional visual loss.METHODS: Totally 22 children with functional vision loss were enrolled in our department between January 2018 and June 2018, including 12 males and 10 females, the mean age 7.5±0.8 years old. All patients had routine eye examinations, refraction and binocular visual function examinations. Children with or without astigmatism whose diopter spherical mirror was between±1.00D and were accompanied by astigmatism less than ±1.00D participated in personalized vision therapy. Paired t test was used to analyze the binocular visual function before and after vision therapy.RESULTS: The average visual acuity of the 22 children were improved, but the diopters before and after vision therapy were -0.011±0.573D and -0.057 ±0.338D drespectively, without statistical significance(P=0.633). The average of the distant level phoria(DLP)before and after vision therapy were -3△ ±2.97△ and -1.18△ ±1.6△, which was not statistically significant(P=0.089). The near level phoria(NLP)were -6.27△ ±4.56△ and -2.82△ ±2.56△; the near point of convergene(NPC)were 7.73±2.15 and 3.05±0.69cm; the accommodation convergence/accommodation(AC/A)were 2.00±1.55, 3.64±0.5 before and after the training respectively(PCONCLUSION:It is necessary to perform binocular visual function examination base on the refractive examination for children with functional vision loss. Visual therapy can improve visual acuity and binocular vision function

Prognosis and influencing factors of retinopathy of prematurity of 145 cases

AIM: To analyze the prognosis and influencing factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). METHODS: The prognosis of 145 ROP cases treated in our hospital from September 2011 to September 2012 was recorded(110 males, 35 females). Gestational weeks, birth weight, time of oxygen, oxygen 〖continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)or mechanical ventilation〗, pulmonary surfactant, septicemia were statistically analyzed between surgical group and non-surgical group.RESULTS: A total of 145 cases of retinopathy of premature were all in stage 1 to 3, no cases in 4 to 5 stage. Thirty-six cases(24.8%)had undergone the laser and/orcryocoagulation. ROP regressed completely or were stable before prethreshold lesions without surgery in 109 cases(75.2%). Using the Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression analysis, it showed that gestational age, time of oxygen, CPAP or mechanical ventilation and septicemia were associated with ROP outcome, with the statistically significant difference. Gestational age, oxygen, septicemia were progression factors of ROP, which was significant difference between groups.CONCLUSION: Most of ROP degenerated or were stable without surgery.Gestational age, mechanical ventilation or CPAP, oxygen for a long time, septicemia could aggravate ROP and increase the probability of surgery

Clinical efficacy of disinhibition and visual function training in children patients with anisometropic amblyopia

AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treatment via disinhibition and visual function training in children patients with anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: Eighty-three children patients with anisometropic amblyopia were enrolled in the prospective case control study. All patients were monocular amblyopia, which were randomly classified into 2 groups as a training group(44 cases)and a control group(39 cases). All patients had routine glasses and quantitative coverage, and were treated by the combination of both family and clinic training. Patients in both control and training groups were treated by amblyopia training instrument(light brush, red flash, grating, etc.)and fine stimulation training via computer software. Additionally, patients in the training group, whose corrected vision improved more than 0.6, were also exposed to other treatments including monocular adjustment function training, disinhibition training, binocular adjustment function training, binocular integration and fusion function training. Visual acuity and outcomes were statistically analyzed after 6mo. RESULTS: No significant difference in the total effective rate of vision improvement between the two groups. However, the overall visual acuity difference between the two groups was statistically significant(PPCONCLUSION: Combinational treatment with disinhibition and binocular visual function training enhances the competitiveness of amblyopic eyes and eliminate inhibition, which is accompanied by improved visual acuity and ameliorated visual function in children patients with anisometropic amblyopia

Acute effects of different dynamic exercises on hamstring strain risk factors.

The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effects of different dynamic exercise interventions on hamstring muscle performance. Thirty-six young men with poor hamstring flexibility were randomly assigned to three intervention groups: jogging combined with dynamic open kinetic chain stretching (DS), jogging combined with dynamic closed kinetic chain stretching (lunge with eccentric hamstring windmills, LEC), and jogging only (CON) groups. Hamstring flexibility, muscle stiffness (area under the curve, AUC), joint position sense (JPS), maximal eccentric strength (ECC), and angle of peak torque (APT) were recorded before and immediately after the exercise interventions. The results showed that the hamstring flexibility increased in DS (p < 0.001); muscle stiffness decreased in DS and was lower than jogging (p < 0.001). Moreover, ECC increased in LEC and was higher than jogging and DS (p < 0.001). APT was different among 3 groups (p < 0.001). Decreased accuracy of JPS was found in DS and jogging (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the dynamic closed kinetic chain stretching (LEC) as compared to open kinetic chain stretching (DS) or jogging group, may be an effective technique to enhance muscle performance during the pre-competition warm-up routine

Increasing trends of anaphylaxis-related events: an analysis of anaphylaxis using nationwide data in Taiwan, 2001–2013

Abstract Background Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal, and systemic allergic reaction. Previous studies document increasing trends in incidence rates of anaphylaxis-related events in Western countries, yet little is known about the incidence and trend of anaphylaxis in Asia. In this study, we aimed to determine time trends in incidence rates of anaphylaxis-related events in Taiwan from 2001 through 2013. Methods We utilized medical claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Databases in Taiwan. We identified anaphylaxis-related events (ICD-9-CM-codes: 995.0, 995.60–995.69, 999.41–999.42, and 999.49) and calculated incidence rates. Poisson regression models were applied to examine trends and incidence rates. Results A total of 2496 patients (mean age, 45.11 years; 56% male) with first-time anaphylaxis were identified during 34,430,000 person-years of observation time. The overall incidence of anaphylaxis was 7.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.97–7.53) per 100,000 person-years, increasing from 4.79 in 2001 to 8.20 in 2013, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.05 (95%CI = 1.04–1.06). Over the 13-year period, the increasing trends were found in incident diagnosis of anaphylaxis-related outpatient or emergency department visits (IRR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.05–1.08) and admissions to intensive care units (IRR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.03–1.10), whereas the trends in incidence of anaphylaxis-related hospitalizations remained steady. The proportion of patients requiring hospitalizations among all patients with anaphylaxis (p _trend = 0.01), as well as the proportion requiring intensive care treatment among patients who were hospitalized (p _trend = 0.01), both increased with age. Conclusion The incidence rate of anaphylaxis in Taiwan has increased at an average rate of 5% annually since 2001, paralleling the rising trends in several Western countries

Comparative analysis of brainwave music translated from spontaneous EEG between major depression disorders and healthy people

Purpose This study aimed to calculate and analyze the differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) between major depression disorder (MDD) patients and healthy controls using the method of brainwave music to provide evidence of physiological parameters for clinical diagnosis of MDD. Methods We translated the 5-minute resting EEG data of 20 MDD patients and 20 healthy controls, which were collected by Peking University Sixth Hospital, into brainwave music; and calculated the pitch, volume, duration and corresponding scaling exponents to analyze the differences between MDD patients and healthy people. Then combined the analysis methods of nonlinear dynamics and brain network structure to verify the validity of the proposed method. Results The pitch, volume, and Lemple-Ziv complexity (LZC) in the frontal lobe of MDD patients were higher than those of healthy people. In the central, occipital, and temporal regions of the left hemisphere, the scaling exponents, degrees, and clustering coefficient of MDD patients were lower than those of healthy people (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study has shown that brainwave music analysis can reflect the differences between MDD patients and healthy controls from a new perspective, and these differences may provide a scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis and brainwave music therapy of MDD