Imaging the transverse spin density of light via electromagnetically induced transparency

When a light beam is strongly laterally confined, its field vector spins in a plane not perpendicular to the propagation direction, leading to the presence of transverse spin angular momentum, which plays a crucial role in the field of chiral quantum optics. The existing techniques to measure the transverse spin density require complex setups and sophisticated time-consuming procedures. Here, we propose a scheme to measure the transverse spin density of an optical field in real time using a multi-level atomic medium. The susceptibility of the medium is spatially modulated by the transverse spin via electromagnetically induced transparency. The distribution of the transverse spin is then extracted by measuring the distributions of the Stokes parameters of another collimated probe field

Controllable spin-Hall and related effects of light in an atomic medium via coupling fields

We show the existence of spin-Hall effect of light (SHEL) in an atomic medium which is made anisotropic via electromagnetically induced transparency. The medium is made birefringent by applying an additional linearly polarized coupling light beam. The refractive index and the orientation of the optics axis are controlled by the coupling beam. We show that after transmitting the atomic medium, a linearly polarized probe light beam splits into its two spin components by opposite transverse shifts. With proper choice of parameters and atomic density of about $2.5\times10^{17}\,\mathrm{m}^{-3}$, the shifts are about the order of wavelength and can be larger than the wavelength by increasing the atomic density. We propose a novel measurement scheme based on a balanced homodyne detection (BHD). By properly choosing the polarization, phase, and transverse mode of the local oscillator of the BHD, one can independently measure (i) the SHEL shifts of the two spin components; (ii) the spatial and angular shifts; (iii) the transverse and longitudinal shifts. The measurement can reach the quantum limit of precision by detecting signals at the modulation frequency of the electro-optic modulator used to modulate the input probe beam. The precision is estimated to be at the nanometer level limited by the quantum noise

Supplementary document for Propagation of noninteger cylindrical vector vortex beams in the gradient-index fiber - 6371070.pdf

Derivation and the Comparison of the transmission characteristics in the radial GRIN fibe

Engineering the NASICON Electrolyte/Na Anode Interface by Tuning the Phase of Electrolyte for Solid-State Sodium Battery

The commercialization of all-solid-state sodium batteries is currently mainly inhibited by the poor interface between the solid-state electrolyte and electrode. Herein, the interface between NASICON electrolyte and Na anode is engineered by tuning the phase of NASICON with the composition of Na3.36Zr1.64Sc0.36Si2PO12 (NZSSP), which was prepared by the solid-state reactive sintering method. The phase is adjusted by varying the sintering temperature (900–1150 °C) and investigated by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement. The sintered NZSSP samples are dominated by the rhombohedral NASICON phase, and its content increases with the sintering temperature, 97% for the 1150 °C-sintered sample, whereas the Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) sample is dominated by the monoclinic NASICON. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the surface microstructure and composition are similar. However, the interfacial impedance (Rinter) between solid electrolyte and Na anode and the critical current density (CCD) are quite different; Rinter decreases and CCD increases with the sintering temperature. The 1150 °C-sintered NZSSP has significantly lower Rinter (4.7 vs 316.4 Ω cm2) and higher CCD (0.85 vs 0.1 mA cm–2) compared with NZSP at 30 °C. The full battery Na/NZSSP/Na3V2(PO4)3 can be stably cycled at 1C for 350 cycles. The contact angle measurement and adsorption energy calculation show that the adhering property of NASICON with Na plays a dominating role. The rhombohedral NASICON exhibits much greater adsorption energy to Na and lower contact angle, which is beneficial for the interfacial property and thus the Na plating/stripping processes. This work demonstrates that engineering the phase of the NASICON electrolyte is an effective strategy to optimize the interfacial property between NASICON and the Na anode

Observation of momentum-space chiral edge currents in room-temperature atoms

Chiral edge currents play an important role in characterizing topological matter. In atoms, they have been observed at such a low temperature that the atomic motion can be measured. Here we report the first experimental observation of chiral edge currents in atoms at room temperature. Staggered magnetic fluxes are induced by the spatial phase difference between two standing-wave light fields, which couple atoms to form a momentum-space zigzag superradiance lattice. The chiral edge currents have been measured by comparing the directional superradiant emissions of two timed Dicke states in the lattice. This work paves the way for quantum simulation of topological matter with hot atoms and facilitates the application of topological physics in real devices

MOESM1 of Cathepsin L Promotes Vascular Intimal Hyperplasia after Arterial Injury

Supplementary material, approximately 1.58 MB