A Demographic Profile of Independently Incorporated Native American Foundations and Selected Funds in the United States

This report gives basic demographic information on 60 grantmaking entities grouped into three categories: 1) Native foundations that are independently incorporated; 2) 501c3 Native organizations; and 3) tribal funds. These categories capture the variety of Native controlled approaches currently at work in the field

sj-docx-2-ajr-10.1177_19458924231207131 - Supplemental material for Association Between Immune-Related Disease and Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ajr-10.1177_19458924231207131 for Association Between Immune-Related Disease and Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study by Jinming Zhao, Mengmeng Zhang and Zufei Li in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy</p

sj-docx-1-ajr-10.1177_19458924231207131 - Supplemental material for Association Between Immune-Related Disease and Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ajr-10.1177_19458924231207131 for Association Between Immune-Related Disease and Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study by Jinming Zhao, Mengmeng Zhang and Zufei Li in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy</p

A 56-year-old woman with lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis received conservative anti-TB therapy.

<p>(A)Pretreatment MRI showed destruction of the L4–L5 vertebrae and formation of paravertebral abscess with concomitant compression of the spinal cord. (B) After 6-week anti-TB therapy, the back pain became more serious. (C,D) No recurrence of TB was noted in this patient during the follow-up period.</p

A 28-year-old man with lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis underwent anterior debridement, decompression combined with posterior plate fixation.

<p>(A,B)Pretreatment MRI shown destruction of the L4–S1 vertebrae and paravertebral abscess with concomitant compression of the spinal cord.(C) Immediate postoperative radiographs demonstrating anterolateral debridement, bone graft and internal fixation. (D,E) At 22 months’ follow-up, plain X-ray showed maintenance of the correction and solid fusion.</p

Overexpression of GmHsp90s, a Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Gene Family Cloning from Soybean, Decrease Damage of Abiotic Stresses in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

<div><p>Hsp90 is one of the most conserved and abundant molecular chaperones and is an essential component of the protective stress response; however, its roles in abiotic stress responses in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) remain obscure. Here, 12 <i>GmHsp90</i> genes from soybean were identified and found to be expressed and to function differentially under abiotic stresses. The 12 GmHsp90 genes were isolated and named <i>GmHsp90A1–GmHsp90A6</i>, <i>GmHsp90B1</i>, <i>GmHsp90B2</i>, <i>GmHsp90C1.1</i>, <i>GmHsp90C1</i>.<i>2</i>, <i>GmHsp90C2</i>.<i>1</i> and <i>GmHsp90C2</i>.<i>2</i> based on their characteristics and high homology to other Hsp90s according to a new nomenclature system. Quantitative real-time PCR expression data revealed that all the genes exhibited higher transcript levels in leaves and could be strongly induced under heat, osmotic and salt stress but not cold stress. Overexpression of five typical genes (<i>GmHsp90A2</i>, <i>GmHsp90A4</i>, <i>GmHsp90B1</i>, <i>GmHsp90C1.1</i> and <i>GmHsp90C2</i>.<i>1</i>) in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> provided useful evidences that GmHsp90 genes can decrease damage of abiotic stresses. In addition, an abnormal accumulation of proline was detected in some transgenic Arabidopsis plants suggested overexpressing GmHsp90s may affect the synthesis and response system of proline. Our work represents a systematic determination of soybean genes encoding Hsp90s, and provides useful evidence that GmHsp90 genes function differently in response to abiotic stresses and may affect the synthesis and response system of proline.</p></div

Fresh weight and pod setting percentage of transgenic Arabidopsis plant under normal or abiotic stresses.

<p>Three-week-old seedlings were saturated with water (control), PEG (8%) or NaCl (150 mM) respectively for 3 d and recovered for 5 d. Fresh weights were measured after 3 d of treatment. For heat stress, three-week-old seedlings were moved to 30°C until pod setting. Shoot fresh weights were measured when pod setting was calculated. (a) Shoot fresh weight of Arabidopsis under heat stress. (b) Pod setting percentage of Arabidopsis under heat stress. (c) Fresh weights of Arabidopsis plants under normal condition, salt and osmotic stress. Error bars indicate SD; n = 20, and plants were prepared from at least five independent plants for each repeat. The means with ‘**’ represent significant differences from each other (<i>P</i><0.01). Control, vector control plants; A2, A4, B1, C1.1, C2.1 represent the <i>GmHsp90A2</i>, <i>GmHsp90A4</i>, <i>GmHsp90B1</i>, <i>GmHsp90C1</i>.1 and <i>GmHsp90C2</i>.1 transgenic lines, respectively.</p

Proline content and quantitative real-time PCR analyses of relative expressions of <i>AtP5CS1</i> in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

<p>For proline content, rosette leaf samples were taken simultaneous with other physiological traits tests. (a) Proline content of Arabidopsis plants, (b) Relative expressions of <i>AtP5CS1</i> in Arabidopsis plants. Error bars indicate SD; n = 3; and leaves were prepared from at least five independent plants for each repeat. For quantitative real-time PCR analyses, Arabidopsis plants were grown in normal conditions and rosette leaf samples were collected from three-week-old plants. An Arabidopsis <i>actin</i> gene was used as internal control for normalization. The relative mRNA level for each gene was calculated as ΔΔC_T values. The result of expression was generated by SigmaPlot 9.0. The transcript levels (means ± SD) displayed were each calculated using the qRT-PCR results of three technical repeats. Leaves of each repeat were prepared from at least five independent plants. Control, vector control plants; A2, A4, B1, C1.1, C2.1 represent the <i>GmHsp90A2</i>, <i>GmHsp90A4</i>, <i>GmHsp90B1</i>, <i>GmHsp90C1</i>.1 and <i>GmHsp90C2</i>.1 transgenic lines, respectively.</p

Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of the relative expression fold of 12 GmHsp90 genes under different stresses in soybean.

<p>Leaves of soybean from all the treatments harvested in 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h were used for the analysis. A soybean <i>beta tubulin</i> gene was used as internal control for normalization and the relative mRNA level for each gene was calculated as ΔΔC_T values. The result of expression was processed as relative expression fold and was generated by SigmaPlot 9.0. The transcript levels (means ± SD) displayed were each calculated using the qRT- PCR results of three technical repeats. Leaves of each repeat were prepared from at least five independent plants. (a) Relative expression folds of <i>GmHsp90A1</i> and <i>GmHsp90A2</i> under heat shock. (b) Relative expression folds of <i>GmHsp90A1</i> and <i>GmHsp90A2</i> under salt and osmotic stress. (c) Relative expression folds of the remainder of GmHsp90 genes under heat stress. (d) Relative expression folds of the remainder of GmHsp90 genes under salt stress. (e) Relative expression folds of the remainder of GmHsp90 genes under osmotic tress. (f) Relative expression folds of GmHsp90 genes under cold stress. A1, <i>GmHSP90A1</i>; A2, <i>GmHSP90A2</i>; A3, <i>GmHSP90A3</i>; A4, <i>GmHSP90A4</i>; A5, <i>GmHSP90A5</i>; A6, <i>GmHSP90A6</i>; B1, <i>GmHSP90B1</i>; B2, <i>GmHSP90B2</i>; C1.1, <i>GmHSP90C1.1</i>; C1.2, <i>GmHSP90C1.2</i>; C2.1, <i>GmHSP90C2.1</i>; C2.2, <i>GmHSP90C2.2.</i></p

Subcellular localization of GmPT1/GFP and GmPT2/GFP fusion.

<p>Images showing onion epidermal cells expressing GmPT1/GFP (A–C), empty vector (D–F) and GmPT2/GFP (G–I) fusion protein examined under fluorescent-field illumination (A, D and G) to examine GFP fluorescence; under bright-field illumination (B, E and H) and by confocal microscopy for the overlay of bright and fluorescent illumination (C, F and I). The scale bars represent 100 µM.</p