104 research outputs found

    Carbon Dot Nanomaterials with High Interfacial Activity for Unconventional Reservoir Development

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    Carbon dot nanomaterials (<10 nm) exhibit superior application prospects as oil displacement materials for unconventional reservoir development. However, the limited oil–water and oil–solid interfacial activity of carbon dot nanomaterials restricts their broader application. In this study, carbon dot nanomaterials (CDs) are expeditiously prepared via a microwave-assisted synthesis method utilizing urea and citric acid as precursor compounds. OAB-modified active carbon dot nanomaterials (OCDs) are prepared by grafting oleic acid amidopropyl betaine (OAB) through hydrothermal reaction at 90 °C for 5 h using CDs as a carbon dot carrier. Stability experiments show that the plentiful hydrophilic groups present on the surface of the OCD augment electrostatic repulsion among them, thereby imparting dispersibility, temperature tolerance (90 °C), and salt resistance (2.6 × 104 mg/L). Additionally, OCDs demonstrate optimal effectiveness at a concentration of 0.5 wt %. At this concentration, OCDs can reduce the interfacial tension to 0.66 mN/m and achieve the underwater oil contact angle to 126°. Within 24 h, OCDs can strip 60.6% of the oil film. OCDs show the excellent ability to enhance oil–water and oil–solid interfacial activity. Meanwhile, OCD nanofluids can effectively form emulsions with crude oil and spontaneously demulsify within 2 h in a state. Core flooding tests demonstrate that OCD nanofluids, when compared with simulated formation water, reduce injection pressure by 46.3% and enhance oil recovery by 31.1%. This study offers a promising solution for the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs with carbon dot nanomaterials

    Sja-let-7 reduces the activation of HSCs through Col1α2/TGF-β/Smad axis <i>in vivo</i>.

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    (A-D) Treatment efficiency analysis and detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col3α1 mRNA expression towards LX-2 cells after treated with NC or sja-let-7 mimics for 48 h (n = 3). (E) The binding site of sja-let-7 on the 3′-UTR of M. musculus and Homo sapien Col1α2. (F) Results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay (n = 3). (G-J) Detection of Col1α2, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 mRNA expression of the LX-2 cells after treated with NC or sja-let-7 mimics (n = 3). All graph data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three biological replicates per group. *PP< 0.01, ns, not significant. Abbreviation: NC: negative control; UTR: untranslated region; WT: wild type; MUT: mutant.</p

    Volcano plots showing GEO database of C57BL/6J mice liver fibrosis.

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    Volcano plots showing GEO database of C57BL/6J mice liver fibrosis.</p

    Sja-let-7 suppressed the schistosome-induced liver fibrosis is mediated via Col1α2/TGF-β/Smad axis.

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    (A) Polarization microscopy observation of type I and type III collagen fibers. Scale bar, 100 μm. Insets show a higher magnification of the outlined area. Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) Ratio of type I and type III collagen fibers (n = 6). (C) Detection of Col1α2 mRNA expression in the liver (n = 6). (D) Liver IHC analysis of Col1α2. Scale bar, 200 μm. Insets show a higher magnification of the outlined area. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Positive area of Col1α2 (n = 6). (F-I) Detection of TGF-β, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 mRNA expression in the liver (n = 6). (J) Liver IHC analysis of TGF-β. Scale bar, 200 μm. Insets show a higher magnification of the outlined area. Scale bar, 50 μm. (K) Positive area of TGF-β (n = 6). (L) Liver IHC analysis of p-smad2/3. (M) Positive area of p-smad2/3 (n = 6). All graph data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three biological replicates per group. *PPSj: S. japonicum; NC: negative control; Col I: type I collagen fiber; Col III: type III collagen fibers; IHC: immunohistochemical analysis.</p

    <i>S</i>. <i>japonicum</i> worm-derived EVs transfer sja-let-7 into HSCs and reduced their activation.

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    (A) TEM analysis for SjEVs. Black arrows indicate the cup-shape EVs. Scale bar, 200 nm. (B) NTA analysis for SjEVs. (C) Microscopy image of PKH67-labelled SjEVs (green) incubated with LX-2 cells for 2 h. White arrows indicate SjEVs labelled with PKH67. Scale bar, 25 μm. (D) Detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col3α1 mRNA expression of the LX-2 cells (n = 3). (E) Detection of sja-let-7 in the LX-2 cells (n = 3). (F) Detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col3α1 mRNA expression of the LX-2 cells (n = 3). All graph data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three biological replicates per group. *PPSj: S. japonicum; TEM: transmission electron microscope; NTA: nanoparticle tracking analyses; NC: negative control.</p

    Sja-let-7 reduced the expression of fibrotic markers after treated with sja-let-7 agomir.

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    (A-C) Detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col1α3 mRNA expression in the liver (n = 6). (D) Liver IHC analysis of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col1α3. Scale bar, 200 μm. Insets show a higher magnification of the outlined area. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Immunofluorescence analysis of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col1α3 after treated with sja-let-7 agomir. White arrows indicate the egg granuloma. Scale bar, 100 μm. Insets show a higher magnification of the outlined area. Scale bar, 50 μm. All graph data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three biological replicates per group. *PPSj: S. japonicum; NC: negative control; IHC: immunohistochemical analysis.</p

    Potential target genes of sja-let-7 identified by RNAhybrid and miRanda.

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    Potential target genes of sja-let-7 identified by RNAhybrid and miRanda.</p

    TEM analysis of <i>Sj</i>EV-depleted ESPs and functional assays.

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    (A) TEM image of SjEV-depleted ESPs. Scale bar, 200 nm. (B) Relative expression of seven Sj-miRNAs after treatment of SjEV-depleted ESPs, SjEVs and dynasore (n = 3). (C) Treatment efficiency analysis after treated with NC or sja-let-7 inhibitor for 48 h (n = 3). All graph data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three biological replicates per group. *PP (TIF)</p

    Sja-let-7 derived from <i>S</i>. <i>japonicum</i> worms involves in the activation of HSCs.

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    (A) Workflow of transwell systems establishment. (B-C) Detection of 8 Sj-miRNAs in the LX-2 cells from the transwell system composed by worms coming from BALB/c mice (n = 3) and KM mice (n = 6) (D-E) Detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col3α1 mRNA expression of the LX-2 cells from the transwell system composed by worms coming from BALB/c mice (n = 3) and KM mice (n = 6). (F-G) Detection of 11 Sj-miRNAs in the LX-2 cells from the transwell system composed by MM worms coming from BALB/c mice (n = 3) and KM mice (n = 6). (H-K) Treatment efficiency analysis and detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col3α1 mRNA expression towards LX-2 cells from the transwell system composed by worms coming from BALB/c mice (n = 3). (L-O) Treatment efficiency analysis and detection of α-SMA, Col1α1 and Col3α1 mRNA expression towards LX-2 cells from the transwell system composed by worms coming from KM mice (n = 3). All graph data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three biological replicates per group. *PPSj: S. japonicum; MM: mated male. Panel A was created with Biorender.com.</p
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