Table_1_Screening for key genes in circadian regulation in advanced atherosclerosis: A bioinformatic analysis.XLSX

BackgroundAtherosclerosis (AS) is the most important cardiovascular disease threatening human health, leading to adverse events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The research on the pathogenesis and causes of AS is being improved step by step, and many factors are associated with AS. However, the relationship between circadian regulation and the pathogenesis of AS is still unclear. Our study identified 2 key genes of circadian regulation in AS by bioinformatics analysis, which provides new perspectives to understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and AS.MethodsWe downloaded samples of early and advanced AS from public databases, screened key genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Lasso, calculated the immune cell content of the samples using “CIBERSORT,” and analyzed the relationship between key genes and immune cells.ResultsWe obtained the most relevant core modules for advanced AS and analyzed the functions of these modules. Two circadian rhythm-related genes were obtained, which influence the immune infiltration of this late AS. ROC curves demonstrated the efficacy of key genes to differentiate between early and advanced AS.ConclusionWe identified 2 genes most associated with circadian rhythms in advanced AS, whose association with AS has not been elucidated and may become the next therapeutic target.</p

Table_2_Screening for key genes in circadian regulation in advanced atherosclerosis: A bioinformatic analysis.XLSX

BackgroundAtherosclerosis (AS) is the most important cardiovascular disease threatening human health, leading to adverse events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The research on the pathogenesis and causes of AS is being improved step by step, and many factors are associated with AS. However, the relationship between circadian regulation and the pathogenesis of AS is still unclear. Our study identified 2 key genes of circadian regulation in AS by bioinformatics analysis, which provides new perspectives to understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and AS.MethodsWe downloaded samples of early and advanced AS from public databases, screened key genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Lasso, calculated the immune cell content of the samples using “CIBERSORT,” and analyzed the relationship between key genes and immune cells.ResultsWe obtained the most relevant core modules for advanced AS and analyzed the functions of these modules. Two circadian rhythm-related genes were obtained, which influence the immune infiltration of this late AS. ROC curves demonstrated the efficacy of key genes to differentiate between early and advanced AS.ConclusionWe identified 2 genes most associated with circadian rhythms in advanced AS, whose association with AS has not been elucidated and may become the next therapeutic target.</p

Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and gelatin zymography in skin wounds.

<p>mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was quantified using real-time RT-PCR (top panel). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 5 for each group. * <i>P</i> <0.05 and ** P<0.01. Gelatin zymography was performed as described in the Materials and Methods (bottom panel). Representative data of hot water and hot spring water groups was shown and the signals of pro-MMP-2 and active MMP-2 was scanned by a densitometry and expressed as optical density (OD) relative to the hot water at 1 week (bottom right).</p

Histological evaluation of the skin wound.

<p>Representative micrographs of a skin wound stained by either hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Masson trichrome (MT) stain.</p

Representative pictures of a skin wound at different time points (left) and quantitation of wound healing (right).

<p>The wound closure was quantitated as described in the Materials and Methods section. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 12, 10, and 12 for the untreated control, hot water control, and hot spring water groups, respectively. *<i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

Analysis of temperature and moisture.

<p>A thermogram shows temperature changes on the skin after bathing for 5, 10 and 20 minutes. Moisture changes of the skin surface are compared between the hot water and hot spring water groups. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 5 for each group. * or ** <i>P</i> <0.05 or <0.01 vs untreated control; ^¶<i>P</i><0.05 vs the hot water group.</p

Immnohistochemical staining of macrophages and morphometric evaluation of the skin wound vessels and macrophages.

<p>Micrographs of macrophages immunohistochemically stained by RM-4 antibody (top panel). The angiogenesis index and macrophage number were quantified (bottom panel). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 6 for each group for angiogenesis analysis. n = 3 for macrophage calculation. *<i>P</i> <0.05.</p

Representative pictures of a skin wound at different time points (left) and quantitation of wound healing (right).

<p>The wound closure was quantitated as described in the Materials and Methods section. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 12, 10, and 12 for the untreated control, hot water control, and hot spring water groups, respectively. *<i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

Analysis of Nagano spring ingredients.

<p>Analysis of Nagano spring ingredients.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Role of cognitive reserve in ischemic stroke prognosis: A systematic review.pdf

ObjectiveThis systematic review was performed to identify the role of cognitive reserve (CR) proxies in the functional outcome and mortality prognostication of patients after acute ischemic stroke.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched by two independent reviewers from their inception to 31 August 2022, with no restrictions on language. The reference lists of reviews or included articles were also searched. Cohort studies with a follow-up period of ≥3 months identifying the association between CR indicators and the post-stroke functional outcome and mortality were included. The outcome records for patients with hemorrhage and ischemic stroke not reported separately were excluded. The Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.ResultsOur search yielded 28 studies (n = 1,14,212) between 2004 and 2022, of which 14 were prospective cohort studies and 14 were retrospective cohort studies. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 36 years, and the mean or median age varied from 39.6 to 77.2 years. Of the 28 studies, 15 studies used the functional outcome as their primary outcome interest, and 11 of the 28 studies included the end-point interest of mortality after ischemic stroke. In addition, two of the 28 studies focused on the interest of functional outcomes and mortality. Among the included studies, CR proxies were measured by education, income, occupation, premorbid intelligence quotient, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status, respectively. The quality of the review studies was affected by low to high risk of bias.ConclusionBased on the current literature, patients with ischemic stroke with higher CR proxies may have a lower risk of adverse outcomes. Further prospective studies involving a combination of CR proxies and residuals of fMRI measurements are warranted to determine the contribution of CR to the adverse outcome of ischemic stroke.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42022332810, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.</p