Table_1_A latent profile analysis of subjective exercise experiences among physically vulnerable college students and psychiatric symptoms correlates during three phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China.docx

IntroductionPhysical activity among college students since the COVID-19 pandemic was well studied; however, subjective exercise experience and the emotional response toward physical exercise received less attention.MethodsThe present study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the latent class of subjective exercise experience among physically vulnerable college students who scored 59 points or less in tests under the National Student Physical Health Standard. Three non-duplicated samples at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were collected in March 2020 (N = 127), March 2021 (N = 118), and November 2021 (N = 206) respectively. Psychometrically validated scales, namely, Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure subjective exercise experience, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms.Results and discussionLPA revealed a 3-class solution for the subjective exercise experience of physically unfit students, namely, the “negative experience group” (30.82%), the “fatigue group” (41.91%), and the “positive experience group” (27.27%). Multinomial regression showed that probable anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 0.12] was associated with the overall negative exercise experience while probable depression (OR = 0.19) was associated with psychological fatigue. Women (OR = 0.496) were more likely to experience overall negative exercise experience, and the outbreak of the COVID- 19 (OR = 2.14) pandemic influenced the psychological distress of the subjective exercise experience compared with the other two phases in the post-COVID- 19 era. Our findings provided significant implications for physical education targeting university students that interventions should be tailored differently for three profiles of the subjective exercise experience.</p

Extremely Well-Dispersed Zinc Oxide Nanofluids with Excellent Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Formaldehyde and Toluene Removal Properties

Herein, a polymer dispersant is used to modify zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with the assistance of a self-made dispersion device to produce nanofluids with excellent dispersion. The ZnO nanoparticles can be well dispersed in an aqueous solution in a high proportion (20 wt %). The average size of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in nanofluids is 86.5 nm. After testing and analysis, the ZnO nanofluids have excellent antibacterial, antifungal, and formaldehyde and toluene removal performance. The antibacterial rate of 4% ZnO (w/v) can reach 99.99%. It has been verified in pure milk that ZnO can well inhibit fungi and deterioration. These satisfactory characteristics of the nanofluids are all attributed to the excellent dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, the dispersed ZnO nanoparticles are used to modify polymer materials (polypropylene random and low-density polyethylene), endowing them with excellent antibacterial and mechanical properties. Therefore, they are expected to be used in food packaging materials in the future

Mineralize It or Not: Comparative Proteomics and Elemental Analysis Reveal Ancestral Compositions of Iron Mineralized Molluscan Radulae

The radula is a unique foraging organ to Mollusca, which is important for their evolution and taxonomic classification. Many radulae are mineralized with metals. Although the remarkable mechanical properties of mineralized radulae are well-studied, the formation of mineralization from nonmineralized radulae is poorly understood. Taking advantage of the recently sequenced octopus and chiton genomes, we were able to identify more species-specific radular proteins by proteomics. Comparing these proteomes with the known limpet radula proteome enabled us to gain insight into the molecular components of nonmineralized and mineralized radula, highlighting that iron mineralization in the chiton radula is possibly due to the evolution of ferritins and peroxiredoxins. Through an in vitro binding assay, ferritin is shown to be important to iron accumulation into the nonmineralized radula. Moreover, radular proteomes reflect their adaption to dietary habits to some extent. The octopus radula has many scaffold modification proteins to suit flexibility while the chiton radula has abundant sugar metabolism proteins (e.g., glycosyl hydrolases) to adapt to algae feeding. This study provides a foundation for the understanding of molluscan radula formation and evolution and may inspire the synthesis of iron nanomaterials

Image_1_Genomic Profiles of a Patient of Pulmonary Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma With High AFP Level: A Case Report.TIF

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of lung (HAL) is a rare and aggressive tumor. The current study reported a new HAL case in the right lower lung with high serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level in a 71-year-old male patient. After the confirmation of morphology and immunohistochemistry, the patient was diagnosed clinically with HAL and treated with radio-frequency ablation. However, the patient whose disease progressed eventually died 4 months after diagnosis. Whole genome sequencing analysis identified a driver gene mutation in the FAT atypical cadherin 1 gene (FAT1) and the copy number loss. The tumor was microsatellite-stable and tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 1.69 mutations/Mb. PD-L1 expression was negative by IHC. Our finding provide further clues for the molecular basis of HAL and the efficacy of immunotherapy needs to be explored.</p

Table_1_Pre-pregnancy body mass index and glycated-hemoglobin with the risk of metabolic diseases in gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study.docx

BackgroundMetabolic diseases during pregnancy result in negative consequences for mothers. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and late-pregnancy glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c) are most important factors independently affecting the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However how both affect the combined risk of other metabolic diseases in women with GDM is unclear. The study aims to investigate the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy glycemic levels on other gestational metabolic diseases in women with GDM.MethodsPregnancies with GDM from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Xi’an longitudinal mother-child cohort study (XAMC) were retrospectively enrolled. Those without other metabolic diseases by the time of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) detection were finally recruited and divided into four groups by pre-pregnancy BMI (Underweight 2; Normal weight 18.5-23.9 kg/m2; Overweight 24.0-27.9 kg/m2; Obesity ≥28.0 kg/m2, respectively) or two groups by HbA1c in late pregnancy (normal HbA1c2) and HbA1c (reference group ResultsA total of 8928 subjects with GDM were included, 16.2% of which had a composite of metabolic diseases. The pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, compared with normal BMI, were linked to the elevated risk of the composite of metabolic diseases, particularly pre-eclampsia (both P 2 and HbA1c≥ 5.7% was 4.46 (95% CI: 2.85, 6.99; PConclusionPre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and late-pregnancy high HbA1c increased the risk of other gestational metabolic diseases of women with GDM. Monitoring and controlling late-pregnancy HbA1c was effective in reducing metabolic diseases, particularly in those who were overweight/obese before conception.</p

A Highly Efficient Recombinant Laccase from the Yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> and Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Biomass

<div><p>A modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction was performed to obtain the first yeast laccase gene (YlLac) from the isolated yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>. The 1557-bp full-length cDNA of YlLac encoded a mature laccase protein containing 519 amino acids preceded by a signal peptide of 19 amino acids, and the YlLac gene was expressed in the yeast <i>Pichia pastoris</i>. YlLac is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of ~55 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It showed a higher catalytic efficiency towards 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (<i>k_cat/K_m</i> = 17.5 s^-1 μM^-1) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (<i>k_cat/K_m</i> = 16.1 s^-1 μM^-1) than other reported laccases. The standard redox potential of the T1 site of the enzyme was found to be 772 mV. The highest catalytic efficiency of the yeast recombinant laccase, YlLac, makes it a good candidate for industrial applications: it removes phenolic compounds in acid-pretreated woody biomass (<i>Populus balsamifera</i>) and enhanced saccharification.</p></div

Strains, plasmids, and oligonucleotide primers used in this study.

<p>^<i>a</i>The XhoI site is in small letters.</p><p>^<i>b</i>The XbaI site is in small letters.</p><p>^<i>c</i>The KpnI site is in small letters.</p><p>W = A / T, S = G / C, N = A/T / G / C</p><p>Strains, plasmids, and oligonucleotide primers used in this study.</p

Purification of YlLac from the culture broth of <i>P</i>. <i>pastoris</i> KM71H cells.

<p><i>P</i>. <i>pastoris</i> KM71H was grown for 7 days in BMM medium containing 0.2 mM CuSO₄ (30°C; 200 rpm). YlLac protein was purified from the culture broth as indicated. The activity was monitored by oxidation of ABTS under standard assay conditions (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120156#sec002" target="_blank">materials method</a>). The expression level of YlLac in <i>P</i>. <i>pastoris</i> was 4.9 mg/L.</p><p>Purification of YlLac from the culture broth of <i>P</i>. <i>pastoris</i> KM71H cells.</p

DataSheet1_Characterization of a xylitol dehydrogenase from Aspergillus flavus and its application in l-xylulose production.docx

An NAD+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase from A. flavus (AfXDH) was cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. AfXDH gene sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1,110 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 369 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38,893 Da. Among various polyols, sorbitol and xylitol were preferred substrates of AfXDH with Km values of 16.2 and 16.9 mM, respectively. AfXDH showed the highest activity in Tris-glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 9.5) at 50°C; it required Zn2+ or Mn2+ for enzyme activity. The half-life at 40°C and half denaturation temperature (T1/2) was 200 min and 45°C, respectively. Bioinformatic analyses along with biochemical properties confirmed that AfXDH belonged to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. AfXDH exhibits higher thermostability and kcat values than those of other XDHs. The feasibility of using AfXDH in l-xylulose production was demonstrated. AfXDH, when coupled with Streptococcus pyogenes NADH oxidase, efficiently converted xylitol to l-xylulose with 97% yield, suggesting its usefulness for the industrial l-xylulose production from xylitol.</p

Time course of phenolic content of <i>P</i>. <i>balsamifera</i> prehydrolysate during pretreatment with YlLac at different pHs, (a) 3, (b) 4, (c) 5.

<p>Untreated control (without laccase) is also shown, (d) Reducing sugar production from acid-pretreated <i>P</i>. <i>balsamifera</i> by Celluclast 1.5L: without laccase pretreatment (black bar), and with YlLac pretreatment (gray bar). Error bars indicate standard deviations from mean values.</p