195 research outputs found
Determinants of Developing Stroke Among Low-Income, Rural Residents: A 27-Year Population-Based, Prospective Cohort Study in Northern China
Although strokes are the leading cause of death and disability in many countries, China still lacks long-term monitoring data on stroke incidence and risk factors. This study explored stroke risk factors in a low-income, rural population in China. The study population was derived from the Tianjin Brain Study, a population-based stroke monitoring study that began in 1985. This study documented the demographic characteristics, past medical histories, and personal lifestyles of the study participants. In addition, physical examinations, including measurements of blood pressure (BP), height, and weight, were performed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for the risk factors for all subtypes of stroke using multivariate Cox regression analyses. During the study with mean following-up time of 23.16 years, 3906 individuals were recruited at baseline, and during 27 years of follow-up, 638 strokes were documented. The multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between age and stroke incidence. Limited education was associated with a 1.9-fold increase in stroke risk (lowest vs. highest education level). Stroke risk was higher among former smokers than among current smokers (HR, 1.8 vs. 1.6; both, P < 0.05). Moreover, stroke risk was significantly associated with sex (HR, 1.8), former alcohol drinking (HR, 2.7), baseline hypertension (HR, 3.1), and overweight (HR, 1.3). In conclusion, this study identified uncontrollable (sex and age) and controllable (education, smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, and overweight) risk factors for stroke in a low-income, rural population in China. Therefore, it is critical to control BP and weight effectively, advocate cessation of smoking/alcohol drinking, and enhance the education level in this population to prevent increase in the burden of stroke in China
Canvass: a crowd-sourced, natural-product screening library for exploring biological space
NCATS thanks Dingyin Tao for assistance with compound characterization. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH). R.B.A. acknowledges support from NSF (CHE-1665145) and NIH (GM126221). M.K.B. acknowledges support from NIH (5R01GM110131). N.Z.B. thanks support from NIGMS, NIH (R01GM114061). J.K.C. acknowledges support from NSF (CHE-1665331). J.C. acknowledges support from the Fogarty International Center, NIH (TW009872). P.A.C. acknowledges support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH (R01 CA158275), and the NIH/National Institute of Aging (P01 AG012411). N.K.G. acknowledges support from NSF (CHE-1464898). B.C.G. thanks the support of NSF (RUI: 213569), the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, and the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation. C.C.H. thanks the start-up funds from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography for support. J.N.J. acknowledges support from NIH (GM 063557, GM 084333). A.D.K. thanks the support from NCI, NIH (P01CA125066). D.G.I.K. acknowledges support from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (1 R01 AT008088) and the Fogarty International Center, NIH (U01 TW00313), and gratefully acknowledges courtesies extended by the Government of Madagascar (Ministere des Eaux et Forets). O.K. thanks NIH (R01GM071779) for financial support. T.J.M. acknowledges support from NIH (GM116952). S.M. acknowledges support from NIH (DA045884-01, DA046487-01, AA026949-01), the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program (W81XWH-17-1-0256), and NCI, NIH, through a Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748). K.N.M. thanks the California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierce's Disease and Glassy Winged Sharpshooter Board for support. B.T.M. thanks Michael Mullowney for his contribution in the isolation, elucidation, and submission of the compounds in this work. P.N. acknowledges support from NIH (R01 GM111476). L.E.O. acknowledges support from NIH (R01-HL25854, R01-GM30859, R0-1-NS-12389). L.E.B., J.K.S., and J.A.P. thank the NIH (R35 GM-118173, R24 GM-111625) for research support. F.R. thanks the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) for financial support. I.S. thanks the University of Oklahoma Startup funds for support. J.T.S. acknowledges support from ACS PRF (53767-ND1) and NSF (CHE-1414298), and thanks Drs. Kellan N. Lamb and Michael J. Di Maso for their synthetic contribution. B.S. acknowledges support from NIH (CA78747, CA106150, GM114353, GM115575). W.S. acknowledges support from NIGMS, NIH (R15GM116032, P30 GM103450), and thanks the University of Arkansas for startup funds and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute (ABI) for seed money. C.R.J.S. acknowledges support from NIH (R01GM121656). D.S.T. thanks the support of NIH (T32 CA062948-Gudas) and PhRMA Foundation to A.L.V., NIH (P41 GM076267) to D.S.T., and CCSG NIH (P30 CA008748) to C.B. Thompson. R.E.T. acknowledges support from NIGMS, NIH (GM129465). R.J.T. thanks the American Cancer Society (RSG-12-253-01-CDD) and NSF (CHE1361173) for support. D.A.V. thanks the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, the National Science Foundation (CHE-0353662, CHE-1005253, and CHE-1725142), the Beckman Foundation, the Sherman Fairchild Foundation, the John Stauffer Charitable Trust, and the Christian Scholars Foundation for support. J.W. acknowledges support from the American Cancer Society through the Research Scholar Grant (RSG-13-011-01-CDD). W.M.W.acknowledges support from NIGMS, NIH (GM119426), and NSF (CHE1755698). A.Z. acknowledges support from NSF (CHE-1463819). (Intramural Research Program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH); CHE-1665145 - NSF; CHE-1665331 - NSF; CHE-1464898 - NSF; RUI: 213569 - NSF; CHE-1414298 - NSF; CHE1361173 - NSF; CHE1755698 - NSF; CHE-1463819 - NSF; GM126221 - NIH; 5R01GM110131 - NIH; GM 063557 - NIH; GM 084333 - NIH; R01GM071779 - NIH; GM116952 - NIH; DA045884-01 - NIH; DA046487-01 - NIH; AA026949-01 - NIH; R01 GM111476 - NIH; R01-HL25854 - NIH; R01-GM30859 - NIH; R0-1-NS-12389 - NIH; R35 GM-118173 - NIH; R24 GM-111625 - NIH; CA78747 - NIH; CA106150 - NIH; GM114353 - NIH; GM115575 - NIH; R01GM121656 - NIH; T32 CA062948-Gudas - NIH; P41 GM076267 - NIH; R01GM114061 - NIGMS, NIH; R15GM116032 - NIGMS, NIH; P30 GM103450 - NIGMS, NIH; GM129465 - NIGMS, NIH; GM119426 - NIGMS, NIH; TW009872 - Fogarty International Center, NIH; U01 TW00313 - Fogarty International Center, NIH; R01 CA158275 - National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; P01 AG012411 - NIH/National Institute of Aging; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; P01CA125066 - NCI, NIH; 1 R01 AT008088 - National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health; W81XWH-17-1-0256 - Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program; P30 CA008748 - NCI, NIH, through a Cancer Center Support Grant; California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierce's Disease and Glassy Winged Sharpshooter Board; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC); University of Oklahoma Startup funds; 53767-ND1 - ACS PRF; PhRMA Foundation; P30 CA008748 - CCSG NIH; RSG-12-253-01-CDD - American Cancer Society; RSG-13-011-01-CDD - American Cancer Society; CHE-0353662 - National Science Foundation; CHE-1005253 - National Science Foundation; CHE-1725142 - National Science Foundation; Beckman Foundation; Sherman Fairchild Foundation; John Stauffer Charitable Trust; Christian Scholars Foundation)Published versionSupporting documentatio
Macrophage deletion of Noc4l triggers endosomal TLR4/TRIF signal and leads to insulin resistance
In obesity, macrophages drive a low-grade systemic inflammation (LSI) and insulin resistance (IR). The ribosome biosynthesis protein NOC4 (NOC4) mediates 40 S ribosomal subunits synthesis in yeast. Hereby, we reported an unexpected location and function of NOC4L, which was preferentially expressed in human and mouse macrophages. NOC4L was decreased in both obese human and mice. The macrophage-specific deletion of Noc4l in mice displayed IR and LSI. Conversely, Noc4l overexpression by lentivirus treatment and transgenic mouse model improved glucose metabolism in mice. Importantly, we found that Noc4l can interact with TLR4 to inhibit its endocytosis and block the TRIF pathway, thereafter ameliorated LSI and IR in mice.Macrophage inflammation promotes insulin resistance during diet-induced obesity. Here the authors show that macrophage NOC4L is decreased in humans and mice with obesity, that macrophage NOC4L deficiency aggravated high-fat diet induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and that NOC4L interacts with toll-like receptor 4, to inhibit endocytosis, and thus blocks TLF4/TRIF inflammatory signaling
Increased macrolide resistance rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae correlated with epidemic in Beijing, China in 2023
We collected respiratory specimens from 128 pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia in Beijing in late 2023. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in 77.3% (99/128) patients, with 36.4% (4/11), 82.9% (34/41), 80.3% (61/76) in children aged less than 3 years, 3–6 years, over 7 years, respectively. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) was characterized using P1 gene typing, MLVA typing and sequencing of domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. P1 gene type 1 (P1-1; 76.1%, 54/71) and MLVA type 4-5-7-2 (73.7%, 73/99) were predominant. MLVA identified a new genotype: 3–4–6-2. Macrolide resistance-associated mutations were detected in 100% of samples, with A2063G accounting for 99% and A2064G for 1%. The positive rate of M. pneumoniae was higher compared to previous reports, especially in children less than 3 years, suggesting a M. pneumoniae epidemic showing a younger age trend occurred in late 2023 in Beijing, China. Higher proportions of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae, P1-1 and 4-5-7-2 genotype M. pneumoniae indicated increased macrolide resistance rate and genotyping shift phenomenon, which might be attributable to this epidemic. Additionally, complete clinical information from 73 M. pneumoniae pneumonia inpatients were analyzed. The incidence of severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia was 56.2% (41/73). Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia patients exhibited longer duration of fever, with a median value of 10.0 days (IQR, 8.0–13.0), and higher incidence of complications (74.0%, 54/73). However, in this cohort, we found that the severity of M. pneumoniae pneumonia, co-infection, or complications were not associated with M. pneumoniae P1 gene or MLVA types. Clinicians should be aware that patients infected with macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae exhibited more severe clinical presentations
A Holistic Perspective on the Dynamics of G035.39-00.33 : The Interplay between Gas and Magnetic Fields
Magnetic field plays a crucial role in shaping molecular clouds and regulating star formation, yet the complete information on the magnetic field is not well constrained owing to the limitations in observations. We study the magnetic field in the massive infrared dark cloud G035.39-00.33 from dust continuum polarization observations at 850 mu m with SCUBA-2/POL-2 at JCMT for the first time. The magnetic field tends to be perpendicular to the densest part of the main filament (F-M), whereas it has a less defined relative orientation in the rest of the structure, where it tends to be parallel to some diffuse regions. A mean plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strength of similar to 50 mu G for F-M is obtained using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method. Based on (CO)-C-13 (1-0) line observations, we suggest a formation scenario of F-M due to large-scale (similar to 10 pc) cloud-cloud collision. Using additional NH3 line data, we estimate that F-M will be gravitationally unstable if it is only supported by thermal pressure and turbulence. The northern part of F-M, however, can be stabilized by a modest additional support from the local magnetic field. The middle and southern parts of F-M are likely unstable even if the magnetic field support is taken into account. We claim that the clumps in F-M may be supported by turbulence and magnetic fields against gravitational collapse. Finally, we identified for the first time a massive (similar to 200 M-circle dot, collapsing starless clump candidate, "c8," in G035.39-00.33. The magnetic field surrounding "c8" is likely pinched, hinting at an accretion flow along the filament.Peer reviewe
The TOP-SCOPE Survey of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps : Survey Overview and Results of an Exemplar Source, PGCC G26.53+0.17
The low dust temperatures (<14 K) of Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) make them ideal targets to probe the initial conditions and very early phase of star formation. "TOP-SCOPE" is a joint survey program targeting similar to 2000 PGCCs in J = 1-0 transitions of CO isotopologues and similar to 1000 PGCCs in 850 mu m continuum emission. The objective of the "TOP-SCOPE" survey and the joint surveys (SMT 10 m, KVN 21 m, and NRO 45 m) is to statistically study the initial conditions occurring during star formation and the evolution of molecular clouds, across a wide range of environments. The observations, data analysis, and example science cases for these surveys are introduced with an exemplar source, PGCC G26.53+0.17 (G26), which is a filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC). The total mass, length, and mean line mass (M/L) of the G26 filament are similar to 6200 M-circle dot, similar to 12 pc, and similar to 500 M-circle dot pc(-1), respectively. Ten massive clumps, including eight starless ones, are found along the filament. The most massive clump as a whole may still be in global collapse, while its denser part seems to be undergoing expansion owing to outflow feedback. The fragmentation in the G26 filament from cloud scale to clump scale is in agreement with gravitational fragmentation of an isothermal, nonmagnetized, and turbulent supported cylinder. A bimodal behavior in dust emissivity spectral index (beta) distribution is found in G26, suggesting grain growth along the filament. The G26 filament may be formed owing to large-scale compression flows evidenced by the temperature and velocity gradients across its natal cloud.Peer reviewe
Influence of Atmospheric 10–20 Day Low Frequency Oscillation on Regional Strong Cooling Events in the Winter of Northern China over the Past 40 Years
Using daily minimum temperature data at 2481 stations provided by the National Meteorological Information Center (China) and the daily reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR during the period from 1980 to 2019, the effects of atmospheric low frequency oscillations (LFOs) on the regional strong cooling events (RSCEs) in the winter of northern China are investigated, and the extended range forecast signals of the RSCEs are extracted. The results show that: (1) The frequency of RSCEs is higher before the year 2000 and then decreases, but its interannual variability increases. There are 10–20, 20–30 and 30–60 d significant low frequency periods in the regional average minimum temperature in northern China, and the low frequency oscillation with a period of 10–20 d is the most significant. (2) The low frequency key systems affecting RSCEs in the west, middle, and east of northern China are the Ural blocking high and the trough of Lake Balkhash-Baikal (Lake Ba-Bei), the blocking high in the northwest and the low trough in the southeast of Lake Ba-Bei, the Lake Ba-Bei blocking high and the East Asian trough, respectively, and the Siberian High (SH) that expands and moves with the blocking high all the time. The low frequency jets at the upper level are weaker in the north and stronger in the south. (3) The low frequency high potential vorticity (PV) center in the lower stratosphere moves eastward and southward along the 315 K isentropic surface via the north of Lake Ba-Bei, southern Lake Baikal and Northeast China to the Sea of Japan, causing the 2 PVU line to move southward and then the above-mentioned high PV center in the mid-high troposphere to extend vertically. Meanwhile, under the influence of gradually increasing upper level jets and vertical meridional circulation, the high PV column continues to propagate downward to the mid-low troposphere at lower latitudes along the 300–315 K isentropic surfaces, which enhances the low frequency positive vorticity and deepens the key trough. In addition, the convergence in the upper troposphere, the divergence in the lower layer, and the development of descending motion behind the trough lead to the development and southward movement of the SH. (4) At −10 d, the positive and negative low frequency anomalies at 500 hPa geopotential height appearing in the East European Plain and Western Siberian Plain are the extended range forecast signals for RSCEs in the winter of northern China, respectively
Synergistic Effects of Mid-Latitude Sea Surface Temperature on Intensity Anomalies of Cold Waves in Winter of Northern China
Based on the daily minimum temperature data from 1980 to 2019 from the National Meteorological Information Center (China), the monthly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and sea surface temperature (SST) data from Hadley Center (UK), the spatial-temporal characteristics of the cold wave intensity in winter in northern China are analyzed, and the impact mechanisms of the mid-latitude SST anomalies(SSTA)in the northern hemisphere on it are also investigated.The results show that: (1) There are interannual and interdecadal variations in the cold wave intensity in northern China.Its interdecadal variability is more pronounced before 1998, and interannual variability is greater after 1999.The cold wave is strongest in North China, followed by the junction of Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang.(2) The cold wave intensity mainly includes three kinds of anomalous distribution, namely, the regional consistent pattern, the east-west antiphase pattern and the tripolar pattern.The regional consistent pattern can basically reflect the overall spatial-temporal anomaly characteristics of the cold wave intensity.(3) The SSTA like a negative phase Pacific Decadal Oscillation ("-PDO"-like) pattern in the North Pacific from pre-spring to winter and the negative SSTA in the North Atlantic from pre-autumn to winter are conducive to the enhancement of cold wave in northern China.The effects of SSTA on the cold wave intensity in the two oceans in pre-autumn are equivalent, while the impacts of the North Atlantic SSTA are more significant in winter.(4) The "-PDO"-like SSTA in the North Pacific from pre-spring to pre-autumn and negative SSTA in the North Atlantic from pre-autumn to winter can trigger the winter teleconnection pattern or wave train anomalies, such as the negative phase Arctic Oscillation ("-AO"), positive phase Eurasian Pacific ("+EUP") teleconnection wave train, Pacific-North America ("PNA")-like pattern, negative phase North Atlantic Oscillation ("-NAO").There is a similar cross-seasonal "relay" relationship between the two oceanic SSTA.In pre-autumn and winter, the interaction of two oceans makes the upstream Rossby wave energy dispersing downstream, and continuously strengthens the "+EUP" teleconnection wave train, resulting in Urals ridge and East Asian trough stronger.Along with the cooperation of 300 hPa jet stream that is weaker in the north and stronger in the south, it will facilitate the southward movement of cold air from high latitude and accumulation in northern China.The coordination of the high-level and low-level circulation leads to an enhancement of the cold wave intensity in northern China
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