14 research outputs found
Supplementary document for Flexible and fast estimation method of far-field patterns for Digital-Coding Metasurfaces - 6518299.pdf
The expanded descriptions for DCM-CZT metho
Investigation of Thermally Induced Cellular Ablation and Heat Response Triggered by Planar MoS<sub>2</sub>‑Based Nanocomposite
In
comparison to conventional tumor treatment methods, photothermal
therapy (PTT) is one of the innovative therapeutic strategies that
employs light to produce localized heat for targeted ablation of cancer
cells. Among the various kinds of heat generation nanomaterials, transition
metal dichalcogenide nanosheets, especially molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), have recently been investigated as one of the promising
PTT candidates because of their strong absorbance in the near-infrared
(NIR) tissue transparency window and excellent photothermal conversion
capability. In line with the great potential of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based
nanomaterials in biomedical applications, their intrinsic therapeutic
performance and corresponding cellular response are required to be
continually investigated. In order to further improve MoS<sub>2</sub>-based PTT efficacy and dissect the molecular mechanism during heat
stimuli, in this study, we successfully designed a novel and effective
PTT platform by integration of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets with peptide-based
inhibition molecules to block the function of heat shock proteins
(Hsp90), one type of chaperone proteins that play protective roles
in living systems against cellular photothermal response. Such a combined
nanosystem could effectively induce cell ablation and viability assays
indicated approximately 5-fold higher PTT treatment efficacy (8.8%
viability) than that of MoS<sub>2</sub> itself (48% viability) upon
808 nm light irradiation. Moreover, different from the case based
on MoS<sub>2</sub> alone that could cause tumor ablation through the
process of necrosis, the detailed mechanism analysis revealed that
the inhibition of Hsp90 could significantly increase the photothermally
mediated apoptosis, hence resulting in remarkable enhancement of photothermal
treatment. Such promising studies provide the great opportunity to
better understand the cellular basis of light-triggered thermal response.
Moreover, they can also facilitate the rational design of new generations
of PTT platforms toward future theranostics
Human Transport Protein Carrier for Controlled Photoactivation of Antitumor Prodrug and Real-Time Intracellular Tumor Imaging
Current
anticancer chemotherapy often suffers from poor tumor selectivity
and serious drug resistance. Proper vectors for targeted delivery
and controlled drug release play crucial roles in improving the therapeutic
selectivity to tumor areas and also overcoming the resistance of cancer
cells. In this work, we developed a novel human serum albumin (HSA)
protein-based nanocarrier system, which combines the photoactivatable
PtÂ(IV) antitumor prodrug for realizing the controlled release and
fluorescent light-up probe for evaluations of drug action and efficacy.
The constructed PtÂ(IV)-probe@HSA platform can be locally activated
by light irradiation to release the active Pt species, which results
in enhanced cell death at both drug-sensitive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant
A2780cis cell lines when compared to the free prodrug molecules. Simultaneously,
the cytotoxicity caused by light controlled drug release would further
lead to the cellular apoptosis and trigger the activation of caspases
3, one crucial protease enzyme in apoptotic process, which could cleave
the recognition peptide moiety (DEVD) with a flanking fluorescent
resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair containing near-infrared (NIR)
fluorophore Cy5 and quencher Qsy21 on the HSA nanocarrier surface.
The turn-on fluorescence in response to caspase-3 could be assessed
by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Our results
supported the hypothesis that such a unique design may present a successful
platform for multiple roles: (i) a biocompatible protein-based nanocarrier
for drug delivery, (ii) the controlled drug release with strengthened
therapeutic effects, (iii) real-time monitoring of antitumor drug
efficacy at the earlier stage
Reporting of checklists for ARRIVE Guidelines.
<p>Reporting of checklists for ARRIVE Guidelines.</p
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots of bacterial communities based on taxonomic dissimilarity (a) and betaMNTD (b) matrix, respectively.
<p>The stress value reflects how well the ordination summarizes the observed distances among samples (lower than 20% can be ecologically interpretable and useful). Soil variables were fitted as vectors onto each ordination plot, and significant vectors at 95% confidence level (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) were displayed.</p
Flow chart of articles identified, included and exclude.
<p>Flow chart of articles identified, included and exclude.</p
Partial correlation between environmental heterogeneity (environmental distance) and taxonomic dissimilarity (a); and betaMNTD (b); and betaNTI (c).
<p>Residuals of the x and y variables are plotted in order to account for the effects of vertical distance and spatial autocorrelation. Solid lines represent linear regressions and the significance levels are determined by partail Mantel tests (9999 permutations).</p
Schematic diagram of the permafrost core and the associated physiochemical characteristics of different-depth samples.
<p>Error bars represent means ± the standard error (n = 3).</p
ASC regulates DCs antigen processing events <i>in vitro</i> and i<i>n vivo</i>.
<p>WT and ASC<sup>-/-</sup> DCs were γ-irradiated and stimulated with UV-inactivated <i>C</i>. <i>muridarum</i> and then co-cultured with splenic T cells from immune animals. A). T cell proliferation was determined using Cell Signaling XTT Cell Viability Kit protocol. Results are expressed as cell viability ratio, which is the ratio between the absorbance values of stimulated and non-stimulated cells and the bars represent the mean and SD of three independent experiments. B). The supernatants were collected and cytokines amounts determined using a 23 plex multiplex assay from Bio-Rad. The concentration of the cytokines for each sample was obtained by extrapolation from a standard calibration curve generated simultaneously. Data was calculated as the mean and SD for triplicate cultures in each experiment. The results were from 2 independent experiments and are reported as mean cytokine concentrations (pg/ml) ± SD. Results were compared using Student’s t-test. *, P<0.05. C). Isolated DCs from WT and ASC<sup>-/-</sup> mice were stimulated with <i>C</i>. <i>muridarum</i> and adoptively transferred into naïve WT mice. Mice were then infected intravaginally with live <i>C</i>. <i>muridarum</i> one week after the adoptive transfer. Infection was monitored by periodic cervicovaginal swabbing every 3 days for 2 weeks and then once every week. The <i>C</i>. <i>muridarum</i> IFUs was determined using standard methods with anti-chlamydial antibodies from Bio-Rad. The experiment was repeated three times.</p